Chemical and Biological Warfare

Croddy, Eric; Pérez‐Armendáriz, Clarisa; Hart, John

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0025-0

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…These viruses were developed as agents of biological warfare before the Biological Weapons Convention Treaty. 21 These viruses were also pursued for biological warfare applications largely because of the ease of producing high quantities of viruses and their highly infectious nature through aerosol exposure. Furthermore, the cost associated with supportive treatment of endemic cases can range from $21,000 for mild infections up to $3 million for severe encephalitis in the case of WEEV.…”

Section: Need For a Trivalent Weev Eeev And Veev Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Strategic Thinking for the Development of a Trivalent Alphavirus Vaccine for Human Use

Wolfe

Heppner

Gardner

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Vaccinations against the encephalitic alphaviruses (western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus) are of significant interest to biological defense, public health, and agricultural communities alike. Although vaccines licensed for veterinary applications are used in the Western Hemisphere and attenuated or inactivated viruses have been used under Investigational New Drug status to protect at-risk personnel, there are currently no licensed vaccines for use in humans. Here, we will discuss the need for a trivalent vaccine that can protect humans against all three viruses, recent progress to such a vaccine, and a strategy to continue development to Food and Drug Administration licensure.

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Section: Need For a Trivalent Weev Eeev And Veev Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Strategic Thinking for the Development of a Trivalent Alphavirus Vaccine for Human Use

Wolfe

Heppner

Gardner

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Do najczęściej wymienianych należą: Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, Brucella sp., Coxiella burnetii, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Variola virus, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14][15][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Wprowadzenieunclassified

“…Należą tu: Brucella sp., Burkholderia mallei i pseudomallei, Salmonella sp., Chlamydia psittaci, Coxiella burnetii, Togaviridae alphavirus (wenezuelskie końskie zapalenie mózgu, wschodnie i zachodnie zapalenie mózgu) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Wprowadzenieunclassified

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<i>Vibrio cholerae</i> - As Biological Weapons

Daniszewski

2013

ILSHS

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“…Druga fala terrorystycznych metod sięgania po władzę polityczną miała miejsce w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym XX wieku, kiedy to na arenie dziejowej pojawiły się ruchy totalitarne [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. Po raz trzeci terroryzm jako metoda walki z porządkiem państwowym wzmógł się w drugiej połowie lat sześćdziesiątych naszego wieku począwszy od lewackiego ekstremizmu, a skończywszy na terroryzmie islamskich fundamentalistów oraz pojawieniu się nowych jego odmian w postaci ekoterroryzmu czy terroryzmu stosowanego przez sekty religijne [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][12]…”

Section: Wprowadzenieunclassified

Pestis (<i>Yersinia pestis</i>) - As Biological Weapons

Daniszewski

2013

ILSHS

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"Granica między terroryzmem, a wojną wciąż będzie się zacierać.W konsekwencji zapobieganie i przeciwdziałanie terroryzmowi stanie się o wiele ważniejsze w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa i polityki obronnej.Siły zbrojne będą musiały przystosować się do nowych okoliczności. Zwiększy się więc rola, jaką w zwalczaniu terroryzmu odegrają dowódcy operacji specjalnych i siły, które im podlegają. Priorytetem stanie się tworzenie specjalistycznych jednostek i prowadzenie badań nad neutralizowaniem broni chemicznej i biologicznej." Francois Heisbourg [24]ABSTRACT Yersinia pestis (formerly Pasteurella pestis) is a type of bacterium. It is believed to have been responsible for plagues of the early 1300s. More accurately, it is a Gram-negative rod-shaped coccobacillus. It is a facultative anaerobe that can infect humans and other animals. Human Y. pestis infection takes three main forms: pneumonic, septicemic, and bubonic plagues. All three forms are widely believed to have been responsible for a number of high-mortality epidemics throughout human history, including the Justinianic Plague of the sixth century and the Black Death that accounted for the death of at least one-third of the European population between 1347 and 1353. It has now been shown conclusively that these plagues originated in rodent populations in China. More recently, Y. pestis has gained attention as a possible biological warfare agent and the CDC has classified it as a category A pathogen requiring preparation for a possible terrorist attack. Every year, thousands of cases of plague are still reported to the World Health Organization, although, with proper treatment, the prognosis for victims is now much better. A five-to six-fold increase in cases occurred in Asia during the time of the Vietnam war, possibly due to the disruption of ecosystems and closer proximity between people and animals. Plague also has a detrimental effect on non-human mammals. In the United States of America, animals such as the black-tailed prairie dog and the endangered blackfooted ferret are under threat from the disease.

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Chemical and Biological Warfare

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Current Strategic Thinking for the Development of a Trivalent Alphavirus Vaccine for Human Use

Current Strategic Thinking for the Development of a Trivalent Alphavirus Vaccine for Human Use

<i>Vibrio cholerae</i> - As Biological Weapons

Pestis (<i>Yersinia pestis</i>) - As Biological Weapons

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