Chemical and biological analysis of active free and conjugated bile acids in animal bile using HPLC-ELSD and MTT methods

Abstract

Abstract. the aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro cytotoxic activity of seven bile samples and bile acids using the high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)-evaporative light scattering detector (ElSd) method. Free and conjugated bile acid standards were used to identify and quantify the chemical components of the seven animal bile samples. the mtt assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of the animal bile samples and the free and conjugated bile acids on hepatocellular carcinoma mhcc97-l cells. chemical analysis revealed that the bile samples from the different animals shared little similarity in terms of their composition. a cell viability assay revealed that cattle bile, as well as its major components, dca, cdca and tcdca, exhibited a marked cytotoxic effect on the hepatocellular carcinoma mhcc97-l cells. the bear bile samples that originated from the asian black bear and the american black bear contained a unique component, tudca, which distinguished them from the other animal bile, though their inhibitory action on mhcc97-l cells was not markedly distinct. the present study reveals that cattle bile may be a potential alternative to bear bile for hepatocarcinoma therapy.

A comparative study on the hepatoprotective action of bear bile and coptidis rhizoma aqueous extract on experimental liver fibrosis in rats

“…Conjugated bile acids were determined by HPLC-DAD and TUDCA was injected as standard marker to evaluate the quality of BB sample. The result showed that TUDCA was the most abundant component in BB and the yield of TUDCA in BB was 7.84%, which was consistent with our previous report [3]. …”

“…These include bile from other animals, derivatives from plants, chemical compounds, and synthetic bear bile. Recently, our research provides evidence that bear bile can be easily replaced by those of other animals for certain situations [3]. Despite being an effective option, the sacrifice of animals is frowned upon by animal rights activist.…”

Substitutes for Bear Bile for the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Research Progress and Future Perspective

“…During past decades, extensive research has been performed to qualify and quantify the composition of bear bile, especially the total and individual bile acids. Modern chemical research indicated that bear bile was composed primarily of bile acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, bile pigments, proteins, and inorganic salts [ 19 ]. Among these components, bile acids may play a major role in therapeutic action for bear bile.…”

“…The average concentrations of TUDCA, TCDCA, and TCA in 93 Ursidae bile salts were 3087.8 ± 1626 μ g/mL, 1968 ± 678.1 μ g/mL, and 212.6 ± 154.1 μ g/mL, respectively [ 21 ]. Of note, it is believed that the relative high level of TUDCA and TCDCA makes bear bile different from biles derived from other animals [ 4 , 15 , 19 ].…”

Antioxidant profile of chicken bile extract and correlation with chemical content

“…The other studies expressed that bear bile contained ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (Bachrach and Hofmann, 1982). UDCA is relatively low content in bear bile and can't be detected by chromatography (Qiao et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011). UDCA has been used in the treatment of gallbladder stones as an alternative to cholecystectomy (Tint, 1982).…”