Chemical and bioactive diversities of the genera Stachybotrys and Memnoniella secondary metabolites

Novel Isochroman Dimers from Stachybotrys sp. PH30583: Fermentation, Isolation, Structural Elucidation and Biological Activities

“…An analog of anishidiol, 6,8-dihydroxy-3,5,7-triethylisochroman, has previously been reported as a Stachybotrys metabolite [8]. We also now report (R)-stachydein and (S)-stachydein (2, 3), (R)-stachiol and (S)stachiol (4,5) and five dimers with a new skeleton, including dianishidiol (6), distachydeins (7,8) and dianistaches (9,10), which were the dimers of compounds 1, 2, and 3 (▶ Fig. 1).…”

“…The fungal genus Stachybotrys has a wide spread distribution in soil and plant, and some of the species can cause stachybotryotoxicosis in animals and humans [1,2]. In addition, these fungi are found to be a rich source of novel and bioactive secondary metabolites [3][4][5] such as macrocyclic trichothecenes [6], triprenyl phenols [7], diterpenoids [3], isochromans [8], polyketides [9], cochlioquinones [10], and spirodrimanes [11], which exhibit a wide range of bioactivities such as complement inhibition, inhibition of various enzymatic systems, and cytotoxicity [9]. The Tibetan plateau presents an extreme living environment, and microorganisms in the area may have the metabolic capability to produce novel bioactive compounds [12].…”

Seven new cytotoxic phenylspirodrimane derivatives from the endophytic fungus Stachybotrys chartarum

“…They are particular metabolites that have only been discovered from two fungal genera, Stachybotrys and Memnoniella. 1 Phenylspirodrimane members have been reported to have diverse biological activities, such as antiosteoporosis activity, 2 the ability to inhibit immune-complex disease 3,4 and tyrosine kinase receptors, 5 and antihyperlipidemic effects. 6 Due to their unique structures and potential medical applications, chemists are also interested in the synthesis of phenylspirodrimanes and have developed different processes to totally synthesize several bioactive examples, like K-76, L-671, and corallidictyals A-D. [7][8][9] It is worth noting that a few derivatives of phenylspirodrimanes have been found as dimers.…”

“…The dimers were also found to possess potential biological activities that were different to those of the monomers, such as antibacterial activities, HIV-1 protease inhibitory effects, and potential ET receptor antagonists. 10,11,15 Recently, during metabolite research into endophytic fungi from Pinellia ternata, [16][17][18][19] chemical investigation of the strain Stachybotrys chartarum PT2-12 led to the discovery of four phenylspirodrimane C-C-coupled dimers (1)(2)(3)(4) and three new monomers (5)(6)(7), along with four known examples (8)(9)(10)(11) (Fig. 1).…”

A new procedure for synthesis of $$\upalpha $$ α -aminophosphonates by aqueous formic acid as an effective and environment-friendly organocatalyst

“…20 Recently some new researches have been reported for promotion of one-pot Kabachnik-Fields reaction such as microwave irradiation, heating 21 and acidic or basic catalysts. Some Lewis acid catalysts, such as ZrOCl 2 • 5H 2 O, 22 Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 , 23 FeCl 3 , 24 Al(H 2 PO 4 ), 25 BiCl 3 , 26 InCl 3 , 27 YbCl 3 , 28 In(OTf) 3 , 29 Ce(OTf) 4 , 30 Fe 3 O 4 @ZrO 2 /SO 2− 4 , 31 CAN, 32 TaCl 5 SiO 2 , 33 SmI 2 , 34 LiClO 4 , 35 and some solid acids (montmorillonite KSF), silica sulphuric acid, and also some base catalysts like CaCl 2 , PPh 3 and other catalysts such as ZnO, TiO 2 , tosyl chloride and mesoporous aluminosilicate nanocage 36 have been used to succeed this reaction. In spite of all researches, still there are some serious limitations such as hard work up process, long reaction time and expensive and toxic catalyst in these methods.…”