Chemical analysis of racing fuels using total vaporization and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

Bors, Dana; Goodpaster, John V.

doi:10.1039/c6ay00539j

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These findings agreed with preceding studies by Bors and Goodpaster, where they analyzed the components of several racing gasoline samples by HS‐GC‐MS/MS. Their analysis identified numerous components such as octane, heptane, and butane derivatives, in addition to toluene as the major constituents (Bors & Goodpaster, 2016). Similarly, Orecchio and colleagues detected benzene, toluene, pentane, and other hydrocarbons in gasoline emissions sampled directly from fuel containers (Orecchio et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasoline fume inhalation induces apoptosis, inflammation, and favors Th2 polarization in C57BL/6 mice

Nour‐Eldine

Sayyed

Harhous

et al. 2022

J of Applied Toxicology

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Gasoline exposure has been widely reported in the literature as being toxic to human health. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms triggered by its inhalation have not been thoroughly investigated. We herein present a model of subchronic, static gasoline vapor inhalation in adult female C57BL/6 mice. Animals were exposed daily to either gasoline vapors (0.86 g/animal/90 min) or ambient air for 5 days/week over 7 consecutive weeks. At the end of the study period, toxic and molecular mechanisms underlying the inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic effects triggered by gasoline vapors, were examined in the lungs and liver of gasolineexposed (GE) mice.Static gasoline exposure induced a significant increase (+21%) in lungs/body weight (BW) ratio in GE versus control (CON) mice along with a pulmonary inflammation attested by histological staining. The latter was consistent with increases in the transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines [Interleukins (ILs) 4 and 6], respectively by $ 6-and 4-fold in the lungs of GE mice compared to CON. Interestingly, IL-10 expression was also increased by $ 10-fold in the lungs of GE mice suggesting an attempt to counterbalance the established inflammation. Moreover, the pulmonary expression of IL-12 and TNF-α was downregulated by 2-and 4-fold, respectively, suggesting the skewing toward Th2 phenotype. Additionally, GE mice showed a significant upregulation in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspases 3, 8, and 9 with no change in JNK expression in the lungs, suggesting the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Static gasoline exposure over seven consecutive weeks had a minor hepatic portal inflammation attested by H&E staining along with an increase in the hepatic expression of the mitochondrial complexes in GE mice. Therefore, tissue damage biomarkers highlight the health risks associated with vapor exposure and may present potential therapeutic targets for recovery from gasoline intoxication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasoline fume inhalation induces apoptosis, inflammation, and favors Th2 polarization in C57BL/6 mice

Nour‐Eldine

Sayyed

Harhous

et al. 2022

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…Then a tiny amount of the solvent is taken to the SPME vial by total vaporization of the transferred solvent in the vial used in SPME, and sample processing is taken place on the SPME fiber from the headspace [23]. Therefore, the phase of partitioning the analyte extracts between the headspace and liquid sample is omitted, and the only equilibrium phase that remains is the partitioning of the analyte between the headspace and SPME [69]. Reflecting that the partitioning process of the analyte is to occur between the vapor and solid, it was noticed that in comparison with extraction temperature and sample volume, the extraction time parameter has less significance [67].…”

Section: Tv-spme Methods Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review: Total vaporization solid-phase microextraction procedure in different matrixes

Alsayadi

Arora

2022

Anal. Method Environ. Chem. J.

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Total vaporization solid-phase microextraction (TV-SPME) is a type of extraction technique in which a specific solvent dissolves the analyte. Then a tiny amount of solvent is taken to the vial of SPME. Then, the solvent vaporizes in the SPME vial, and sampling is carried out on the headspace of the SPME fiber. As a result, the partitioning phase of the analyte between the headspace and liquid sample is omitted. The equilibrium phase remains the analyte partitioning between the headspace and SPME. TV-SPME was introduced in 2014 by Goodpaster to increase the recovery compared to the liquid injection method. This review discusses different aspects of TV-SPME, including its impact on sampling techniques, theoretical part, sampling procedure, and method optimization. Special attention was paid to its applications. A comprehensive literature study was conducted in the relevant databases to summarize the research work that has been done on this technique. In TV-SPME, the liquid samples completely vaporized and had a less matrix effect and better adsorption. This method needs no sample preparation, consumes less supply, and can be done automatically. Also, TV-SPME enables a cost-effective and efficient extraction for different matrixes. This review summarizes aspects related to TV-SPME.

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“…2 Methanol has similar properties to ethanol, such as color, odor, and density; for this reason, the most important techniques to analyze contaminated fuel (ethanol and gasoline) with methanol is from gas chromatography (CG) with a flame ionization detector (FID) and/or mass spectrometer (MS), producing methods that require a few minutes for each analysis. 12,15 In Brazil, the price of methanol is presently half the market price of ethanol and more slightly over a third that of gasoline, and it is not subject to taxes levied on the sale of fuels; for this reason, there have been several cases of ethanol fuel and gasoline adulteration with methanol discovered since 2010. 16 The use of methanol as a fuel is prohibited in Brazil because the methanol in fuels can generate mechanical problems and causes in serious health problems for users, especially problems for gas station attendants due to its higher toxicity from its higher concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methanol has similar properties to ethanol, such as color, odor, and density; for this reason, the most important techniques to analyze contaminated fuel (ethanol and gasoline) with methanol is from gas chromatography (CG) with a flame ionization detector (FID) and/or mass spectrometer (MS), producing methods that require a few minutes for each analysis. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid and Versatile Method to Determine Methanol in Biofuels and Gasoline by Ambient Mass Spectrometry using a V-EASI Source

et al. 2020

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Methanol is an organic compound commonly used as a solvent in the synthesis of fuel for internal combustion engines. However, the adulteration of fuels (biofuels and gasoline) with methanol is commonly practiced throughout world, and regulations to control the content of methanol in these fuels have been imposed. Although methanol in fuels can be analyzed by numerous analytical techniques, the traditional methods have some disadvantages, such as interferences, incomplete reactions, and lengthy analysis. Thus, the present work proposes a rapid and versatile methanol determination method using a simple derivatization of the sample with nicotinoyl chloride and subsequent fast analysis by ambient mass spectrometry using venturi easy ambient sonicspray ionization (V-EASI-MS), without preseparation, taking into account all parameters of linearity, limits of detection, quantification, accuracy, and precision based on ISO 5725. We were able to develop a powerful method to quantify methanol in fuels which can be used as an alternative method to detect adulteration by government agencies.

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Chemical analysis of racing fuels using total vaporization and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Gasoline fume inhalation induces apoptosis, inflammation, and favors Th2 polarization in C57BL/6 mice

Gasoline fume inhalation induces apoptosis, inflammation, and favors Th2 polarization in C57BL/6 mice

A review: Total vaporization solid-phase microextraction procedure in different matrixes

A Rapid and Versatile Method to Determine Methanol in Biofuels and Gasoline by Ambient Mass Spectrometry using a V-EASI Source

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