Chemical analysis in saliva and the search for salivary biomarkers – a tutorial review

Ngamchuea, Kamonwad; Chaisiwamongkhol, Korbua; Batchelor‐McAuley, Christopher; Compton, Richard G.

doi:10.1039/c7an01571b

Cited by 117 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 228 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…sAA is considered to be a sensitive biomarker of stress-related changes that reflect the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) [30]. Most patients with BMS experience chronic pain and have a poorer quality of life than do healthy individuals [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome

López‐Jornet

Felipe

Pardo-Marín

et al. 2020

JCM

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Objective: To evaluate a panel of salivary analytes involving biomarkers of inflammation, stress, immune system and antioxidant status in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to study their relationship with clinical variables. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients with BMS and 31 controls were consecutively enrolled in the study, with the recording of oral habits, the severity of pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) score and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP14) score. Resting whole saliva was collected with the drainage technique, followed by the measurement of 11 biomarkers. Results: The salivary flow was higher in patients with BMS. Among all the biomarkers studied, significantly higher levels of alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP4) and lower levels of uric acid and ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were observed in the saliva of patients with BMS as compared to the controls (p < 0.05 in all cases). Positive correlations were found between pain, oral quality of life and anxiety scores and salivary biomarkers. Conclusions: BMS is associated with changes in salivary biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and stress, being related to the degree of pain and anxiety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome

López‐Jornet

Felipe

Pardo-Marín

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…For example, the levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, (15) testosterone, DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone), progesterone, and estradiol (16) were artifactually increased by the use of a cotton-based collection material. In contrast, glutathione (17) and sIgA (secretory Immunogloblin A) (16) levels were reduced by cotton. The use of a polypropylene-based material lowered the cortisol levels in samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Salivary 8-hydroxyguanine as a lifestyle-related oxidative stress biomarker in workers

Watanabe¹,

Kawasaki²,

Kawai³

2020

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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Oxidative stress is a risk factor for lifestyle related diseases, such as cancer. Investigations of the factors that increase or decrease oxidative stress contribute to disease prevention. In the present study, we focused on the 8 hydroxyguanine (8 OHGua) in saliva, as a new oxidative stress biomarker. The relationship between lifestyles and salivary 8 OHGua levels in 541 Japanese subjects was analyzed. The salivary 8 OHGua levels were significantly elevated in older persons, as well as those who smoke, have hypertension, or excess visceral fat. By contrast, statistically significant lower levels of 8 OHGua were observed in persons who moderately exercised or recently drank green tea or coffee. The direct collec tion of saliva, without any special collecting device, was suitable for the 8 OHGua analysis. The present results suggest that oxida tive stress can be measured in a non invasive manner with easily collectable saliva, and the salivary 8 OHGua may be a useful bio marker for lifestyle related disease prevention.

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“…It was concluded that salivary cortisol can be analyzed for a sensitivity of 1 ng/mL using the microfluidic line-free mass sensor. Saliva is attracting increasing attention as a biofluid that can be used as a source of biological indicators, not just of oral diseases [ 34 ] but also of general systemic disease precipitated by stress [ 35 , 36 ]. Analysis of salivary hormones such as cortisol would be medically useful.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic Line-Free Mass Sensor Based on an Antibody-Modified Mechanical Resonator

Yamaguchi

2018

Micromachines

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This research proposes a mass sensor based on mechanical resonance that is free from power supply lines (line-free) and incorporates both microfluidic mechanisms and label-free techniques to improve its sensitivity and reusability. The microfluidic line-free mass sensor comprises a disk-shaped mechanical resonator, a separate piezoelectric element used to excite vibrations in the resonator, and a microfluidic mechanism. Electrical power is used to actuate the piezoelectric element, leaving the resonator free from power lines. The microfluidic mechanism allows for rapid, repeat washings to remove impurities from a sample. The microfluidic line-free mass sensor is designed as a label-free sensor to enable high-throughput by modifying and dissociating an antibody on the resonator. The resonator was fabricated by photolithography and the diameter and thickness were 4 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. The line-free mass sensor enabled a high Q-factor and resonance frequency of 7748 MHz and 1.402 MHz, respectively, to be achieved even in liquids, facilitating the analysis of human salivary cortisol. The line-free mass sensor could be used for repeated measurements with the microfluidic mechanism, and the resonator could be fully washed out. It was concluded that the microfluidic line-free mass sensor was suitable to analyze the concentration of a salivary hormone, cortisol, in human saliva samples, and that it provided high-throughput suitable for point-of-care testing.

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Chemical analysis in saliva and the search for salivary biomarkers – a tutorial review

Abstract: A review of the uses of saliva biomarkers, detection methods and requirements for new biomarkers.

Cited by 117 publications

References 228 publications

Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome

Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome

Salivary 8-hydroxyguanine as a lifestyle-related oxidative stress biomarker in workers

Microfluidic Line-Free Mass Sensor Based on an Antibody-Modified Mechanical Resonator

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