Chemical analysis and potential health risks of hookah charcoal

Elsayed, Yehya; Dalibalta, Sarah; Abu-Farha, Nedal

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.108

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This may reflect decreased statistical power to detect significant correlations since these beliefs were assessed in Wave 2 only. While weak support exists that sharing of the mouthpiece leads to infections, burning of the charcoal releases relatively large doses of toxins ( Elsayed, Dalibalta, & Abu-Farha, 2016 ). Messaging campaigns have largely not educated the public about health effects of burning charcoal to heat waterpipe tobacco and should be addressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing harm beliefs and risk perceptions among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: Implications for cessation and prevention

Lipkus

Mays

2018

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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IntroductionVery little is known about how waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers compare on harm beliefs about waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) and how these beliefs are related to risk appraisals and intentions to engage in WTS. We investigated these issues among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers, susceptible nonsmokers, and non-susceptible nonsmokers.MethodsYoung adults ages 18 to 30 who smoked waterpipe tobacco during the last 30 days or never used waterpipe tobacco were recruited online through Turkprime. Nonsmokers were grouped as susceptible or not. Participants completed measures of harm beliefs, risk appraisals (i.e., perceived risks and worry), and desire to quit among smokers or willingness/curiosity to try waterpipe among nonsmokers.ResultsAnalyses were based on 247 smokers and 418 nonsmokers. Smokers endorsed most strongly harm beliefs that portrayed WTS as safe, followed by susceptible and then non-susceptible nonsmokers. Most harm beliefs were significantly related to risk appraisals, yet weakly associated with desire to quit or willingness/curiosity to try waterpipe tobacco, except among susceptible nonsmokers.ConclusionsGreater efforts are needed to correct maladaptive beliefs about WTS harms, especially among smokers. Among susceptible nonsmokers, harm beliefs may be more influential in predicting willingness to try WTS than risk appraisals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing harm beliefs and risk perceptions among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: Implications for cessation and prevention

Lipkus

Mays

2018

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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“…These furans are usually generated from sugars degradation and can cause pulmonary irritation upon inhalation 52 – 54 . Furans are commonly found in flavored tobacco cigarettes, such as cherry, grape and apple flavorings 4 known to act as central nervous system depressants 53 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characterization of flavored hookahs aroma profile and in response to heating as analyzed via headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and chemometrics

Farag

Elmassry

El-Ahmady

2018

Sci Rep

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Flavors profiling in flavored hookah tobacco is an issue of increasing scrutiny for the health sector owing to its adverse effects on humans, especially being heated to produce smoke. This study aims at tackling the components involved in the flavored hookah tobacco from a chemical and biological point of view. Detecting individual flavor compounds, within a complex hookah tobacco matrix was accomplished using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME). A total of 114 volatiles were identified in 13 flavored hookah tobacco products, with esters amounting for the major component up to 40%. Whereas oxygenated monoterpenes presented another major volatile class, contributing up to 23%, including (E)-anethole. Superheating flavored hookah tobacco at 190 °C resulted in the release of a mixture of phenol derivatives and polycyclic aromatic compounds that are indicative of coal tar, a major component produced during hookah tobacco usage with potential health hazards. This study provides the first comprehensive volatile profile of hookah tobacco products from different origins identifying chemical components involved in flavors. It is expected to serve as informative grounds for the better understanding of hookah tobacco production and usage. The information presented is also expected to raise awareness on the health risks of hookah tobacco smoking.

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“…A variety of charcoal can be used for waterpipe smoking. This includes charcoal from natural sources such as wood, or processed charcoal from wood or coconut origin to which chemicals and/or fuels are added to initiate the burning 33 . The popular quick-light charcoals are an example of such synthetic charcoals 36 .…”

Section: Heating Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visitors dislike quick-light charcoal because of its chemical flavour 21 . Charcoal is a known source of CO and various toxicants associated with a range of human health effects 33 . Electrical heating may significantly decrease CO production, but, due to the constant heating, higher levels of aldehydes are produced, which are associated with adverse health effects as well 34,35 .…”

Section: Heating Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Options for waterpipe product regulation: A systematic review on product characteristics that affect attractiveness, addictiveness and toxicity of waterpipe use

Kienhuis¹,

Talhout²

2020

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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In this paper, we will refer to 'waterpipe product' as a collective term that includes tobacco and flavored herbs, with or without nicotine. We will refer to the act of waterpipe smoking as 'waterpipe product smoking' (WPS). In line with this, 'waterpipe product' and 'waterpipe product smoke' will refer to ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Despite its known adverse effects on human health, waterpipe smoking is increasing in popularity worldwide. However, compared to cigarettes, regulation of waterpipe product smoking lags behind and presents unique challenges. In search for regulatory options, this systematic review analyzes 36 studies on the differential effects on human health of the waterpipe characteristics including smoking products, heating sources, device components, and packages. METHODS A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, revealing 443 unique citations. After screening, 36 studies were included in the results. Research articles were selected to inform on differential effects caused by product characteristics on adverse health effects, attractiveness, addictiveness and prevalence of waterpipe use. RESULTS Flavors are the key aspect that defines attractiveness of waterpipe product smoking. All waterpipe products, with or without nicotine, produce toxicants in similar quantities as cigarettes. Heating sources for waterpipe tobacco include charcoals and electrical heating. Both heating sources increase toxicant emissions in different ways. Hoses and mouth tips are device components that are often shared in waterpipe smoking. Sharing influences attractiveness by enriching the social experience. At the same time, it influences the transfer of infectious diseases by bacteria and viruses from one smoker to another. Studies showed that more generic and less attractive packages with health warnings are effective in reducing the attractiveness of waterpipe smoking. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we advise to include all waterpipe products, tobacco and non-tobacco, with or without nicotine, in tobacco product regulations and smoking bans in order to: ban waterpipe molasses with characterizing flavors or ban the use of flavorings at any level; mandate dissemination of information on all waterpipe tobacco elements to the national regulator; prescribe testing to regulate contents of waterpipe smoking products and heating sources. Moreover, we advise to stimulate research on emissions of waterpipes.

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Chemical analysis and potential health risks of hookah charcoal

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

Comparing harm beliefs and risk perceptions among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: Implications for cessation and prevention

Comparing harm beliefs and risk perceptions among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: Implications for cessation and prevention

The characterization of flavored hookahs aroma profile and in response to heating as analyzed via headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and chemometrics

Options for waterpipe product regulation: A systematic review on product characteristics that affect attractiveness, addictiveness and toxicity of waterpipe use

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