Chemical analysis and classification of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) based on their country of origin using mass spectrometric methods and chemometrics
“…However, for TCMs with highly similar genetic relationships and new analytical techniques, it is inevitable to process a large amount of chemical measurement data. Therefore, it is essential to develop a chemometric strategy to deal with the huge information obtained from a mass analyzer ( Wang et al, 2018 ; Liang et al, 2021 ; Pollo et al, 2021 ). Multivariate statistical analysis like principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) have received more and more attention in the field of analyzing massive data ( Black et al, 2016 ; Palmioli et al, 2020 ).…”
Zingiber corallinum and Zingiber montanum, which belong to the Zingiberaceae family, are traditional Chinese folk medicinal herbs in Guizhou and Yunnan Province of China. They share great similarities in morphology, chemical constituent, and DNA barcoding sequence. The taxonomy of the two Zingiber species is controversial and discrimination of traditional Chinese medicines directly affects the pharmacological and clinical effects. In the present study, we performed a systemic analysis of “super-barcode” and untargeted metabolomics between Z. corallinum and Z. montanum using chloroplast (cp) genome sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of cp genomes of the two Zingiber species showed that the cp genome could not guarantee the accuracy of identification. An untargeted metabolomics strategy combining GC-MS with chemometric methods was proposed to distinguish the Zingiber samples of known variety. A total of 51 volatile compounds extracted from Z. corallinum and Z. montanum were identified, and nine compounds were selected as candidate metabolic markers to reveal the significant difference between Z. corallinum and Z. montanum. The performance of the untargeted metabolomic approach was verified with unknown Zingiber samples. Although the cp genomes could not be used to identify Zingiber species in this study, it will still provide a valuable genomics resource for population studies in the Zingiberaceae family, and the GC-MS based metabolic fingerprint is more promising for species identification and safe application of Z. corallinum and Z. montanum.
“…However, for TCMs with highly similar genetic relationships and new analytical techniques, it is inevitable to process a large amount of chemical measurement data. Therefore, it is essential to develop a chemometric strategy to deal with the huge information obtained from a mass analyzer ( Wang et al, 2018 ; Liang et al, 2021 ; Pollo et al, 2021 ). Multivariate statistical analysis like principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal PLS-DA (OPLS-DA) have received more and more attention in the field of analyzing massive data ( Black et al, 2016 ; Palmioli et al, 2020 ).…”
Zingiber corallinum and Zingiber montanum, which belong to the Zingiberaceae family, are traditional Chinese folk medicinal herbs in Guizhou and Yunnan Province of China. They share great similarities in morphology, chemical constituent, and DNA barcoding sequence. The taxonomy of the two Zingiber species is controversial and discrimination of traditional Chinese medicines directly affects the pharmacological and clinical effects. In the present study, we performed a systemic analysis of “super-barcode” and untargeted metabolomics between Z. corallinum and Z. montanum using chloroplast (cp) genome sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Comparison and phylogenetic analysis of cp genomes of the two Zingiber species showed that the cp genome could not guarantee the accuracy of identification. An untargeted metabolomics strategy combining GC-MS with chemometric methods was proposed to distinguish the Zingiber samples of known variety. A total of 51 volatile compounds extracted from Z. corallinum and Z. montanum were identified, and nine compounds were selected as candidate metabolic markers to reveal the significant difference between Z. corallinum and Z. montanum. The performance of the untargeted metabolomic approach was verified with unknown Zingiber samples. Although the cp genomes could not be used to identify Zingiber species in this study, it will still provide a valuable genomics resource for population studies in the Zingiberaceae family, and the GC-MS based metabolic fingerprint is more promising for species identification and safe application of Z. corallinum and Z. montanum.
“…The temperature was increased further to 140 °C at 4 °C/min and maintained for 1 min, then the temperature was increased again to 280 °C at 9 °C/min for 2 min. Finally, the temperature was increased to 300 °C at 10 °C/min and maintained for 5 min 14 , 15 . The relative content of the identified volatile compounds was calculated based on 1 μL of hexanal solution as an external standard reference to create a calibration curve.…”
Black pepper powder (BPP) and cinnamon powder (CP) are traditionally used as food ingredients and can apply related to developing a functional product. In this study, BPP and CP were used as an ingredient in mixed-spice ice cream (MSIC). The physicochemical properties, textural properties, and sensory qualities were investigated as key points. BPP (0.51–17.49 g) and CP (8.79–51.21 g) were combined using a central composite design (CCD) with 2 centerpoints. The optimized BPP and CP for the MSIC were 15.00 g and 34.00 g, which exhibited firmness and overrun at 3210.65 ± 105.74 g.force and 61.63 ± 0.60%. The MSIC with optimized BPP and CP also provides high bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities with cinnamaldehyde and piperine as flavor characteristics. The findings indicated that BPP and CP can enhance the functional properties and provide alternative flavors in the food product, providing an innovative approach to deliver health-beneficial combinations for consumer satisfaction.
“…The black pepper powder samples were analyzed directly by thermal desorption-DART-MS without any extraction. In comparison with GC–MS and LC–MS, the DART-MS method provides high throughput for the analysis of plant-based food materials …”
Section: Nontargeted Approaches For Secondary Metabolites
In Food And...mentioning
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have been extensively
applied
in food and agricultural research. This review aims to address the
advances and applications of MS-based analytical strategies in nontargeted
and targeted analysis and summarizes the recent publications of MS-based
techniques, including flow injection MS fingerprinting, chromatography-tandem
MS metabolomics, direct analysis using ambient mass spectrometry,
as well as development in MS data deconvolution software packages
and databases for metabolomic studies. Various nontargeted and targeted
approaches are employed in marker compounds identification, material
adulteration detection, and the analysis of specific classes of secondary
metabolites. In the newly emerged applications, the recent advances
in computer tools for the fast deconvolution of MS data in targeted
secondary metabolite analysis are highlighted.
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