Chemical Analysis and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential oils from Artemisia negrei L. against Drug-Resistant Microbes

Abstract

Background. Artemisia negrei L. (A. negrei) is a medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to the family Asteraceae that is more widespread in the folded Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Materials and Methods. This study was run to investigate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of Artemisia negrei L. essential oil. This oil was extracted from the fresh plant material by using the Clevenger apparatus. The phytochemical composition was characterized by GC-MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methods including DPPH, β-carotene bleaching, and total antioxidant capacity. The antibacterial activity was tested vs. multidrug-resistant bacteria including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive using inhibition zones in agar media and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) bioassays. The antifungal activity was conducted on Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum using a solid medium assay. Results. The chromatographic characterization of essential oils of A. negrei revealed the presence of 34 compounds constituting 99.91% of the total essential oil. The latter was found to have promising antioxidant activity by all bioassays used such as DPPH, β-carotene bleaching, and total antioxidant capacity. The results obtained showed that our plant oils had potent antibacterial activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli 57, E. coli 97, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (S. aureus), so that the maximum inhibition zones and MIC values were around 18–37 mm and 3.25 to 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. The oil also showed antifungal activity towards Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus Niger except for flavus species. Conclusion. The findings obtained in the work showed that A. negrei can serve as a valuable source of natural compounds that can be used as a new weapon to fight radical damage and resistant microbes.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Chemically-Characterized Essential Oil from Artemisia aragonensis Lam. against Drug-Resistant Microbes

“…Next, the inoculated Petri dishes were incubated in the dark at 30 °C and 37 °C for the fungal and bacterial species, respectively. The inhibition rate, expressed in percentages, was calculated 24 and 48 h post-incubation for bacteria and C. albicans , respectively, and 7 days post-inoculation for A. niger , A. flavus and F. oxysporum [ 18 ]. The growth inhibition zones were determined in mm.…”

“…Antioxidant Activity 2.4.1. Radical Scavenging Activity Test DPPH assay was carried out according to Chebbac's protocols [18]. To achieve this, 100 µL of EOA, at different concentrations, prepared with methanol (1.0, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.0312, 0.0156, 0.0078, 0.0064 and 0.0019 mg/mL), were used for the testing purposes.…”

Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities of Chemically-Characterized Essential Oils from the Leaves of Withania frutescens L.

“…(1-2.5%), Mentha piperita L. (0.5-1%), Citrus Aurantium L. (0.5-1%), Lavandula angustifolia L. (0.8-2.8%), Pimpinella anisum L. (1-3%), and Thymus vulgaris L.(2-2.75%) [29]. In addition, the chemical composition of EOW contained certain chemicals that were also reported in similar studies on the chemical composition of plants; such as pulegone compounds [30][31][32].…”

“…In this context, Several studies have documented the beneficial action of essential oils on reducing longevity of pest species in stored grains including C. maculatus. Because of their high volatility, essential oils along with their constituents, particularly monoterpenes, exert insecticidal effects and disrupt insect growth at different life stages [28][29][30]. Efficacy of essential oils varies according to their phytochemical profiles and the target insect, e.g., bean sprout, is more sensitive to phenolic monoterpenes [36][37][38][39].…”

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potencies of Chemically-Profiled Essential Oil from Asteriscus graveolens against Clinically-Important Pathogenic Microbial Strains

“…The sensitivity of the microbial strains was evaluated using the disc diffusion technique, as described in previous work [ 27 ]. First, Petri plates (90 mm) containing Muller Hinton agar, yeast extract–peptone–glycerol, and potato dextrose agar media were inoculated with 1 mL of fresh microbial cultures before standing for 10 min.…”