Chemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves and Seeds

Abstract

Moringa oleifera is a traditional food crop widespread in Asiatic, African, and South American continents. The plant, able to grow in harsh conditions, shows a high nutritional value and medicinal potential evidencing cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was the phytochemical analysis of M. oleifera and the identification of the antimicrobial compounds by combining a chemical approach with in vitro tests. The metabolite profile of M. oleifera polar and apolar extracts of leaves and seeds were investigated by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of all of the obtained extract was evaluated against four bacterial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica). The chemical analysis provided a wide set of metabolites that were identified and quantified. Moreover, apolar extracts from seeds showed a significant concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, (4 mg/mL reduced the viability up to 50%) that was associated to the content of specific fatty acids. Our results remarked the advantages of an integrated approach for the identification of plant metabolites and its use in association with biological tests to recognize the compounds responsible for bioactivity without compounds purification.

Enhancing durability and sustainable preservation of Egyptian stone monuments using metabolites produced by Streptomyces exfoliatus

“…It is well known that unsaturated fatty acids have high antimicrobial activity rather saturated fats due to the presence of double bonds 40 . Moreover, free fatty acid surfactants have a high potential to damage cell membranes' stability as well as the inhibition of electron transport chain-related enzymes 41 . Tetradecan-1-OL is one of the found bioactive compounds.…”

Enhancing durability and Sustainable Preservation of Egyptian Stone Monuments Using metabolites produced by Streptomyces exfoliatus

“…Even though unsaturated fatty acids seem to be more energetic than saturated fats and because there is a significant relation between such a fatty acid's number of double bonds and its antibacterial properties, it is widely established that free fatty acids can possess an antibacterial action that is based on the amount of the double bonds 39 Mysterious mechanisms of action may result from free fatty acid surfactants' potential to damage cell membranes' stability or the operation of electron transport chain-related enzymes 40 . Tetradecan-1-OL is one of the found bioactive compounds; it's indeed likely fatty alcohol and could be used for antibacterial and antifungal purposes.…”

“…The CIE L*a*b* system was used to record the color variations, with the L value equating to brightness, the value to red-green, and the b value to yellow-blue. The total color changes (E) before and after treatment were calculated using the following equation [40,41]:…”

Natural Medicine: In-Depth Exploration of Moringa oleifera’s Bioactive Compounds and Antimicrobial Effects

“…Additionally, antimicrobial peptides play a significant role in inhibiting essential enzymes and disrupting cell membranes [8]. Moreover, the Moringa oleifera seeds extract displays antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria [9,10]and inhibits bacteriophage replication [11]. Additionally, its antibiotic activity corrects the pathogenic strain actions of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus casseliflavus [12].…”