Chemical Analyses of Sarmatian Glass Beads from Pokrovka, Russia

Hall, Mark E.; Yablonsky, Leonid

doi:10.1006/jasc.1998.0294

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One potash glass bead with a chemical composition similar to those of samples XJ05‐9A and XJ05‐9B, and also one lead–silica glass bead of possible Chinese origin, have been unearthed from two early Sarmatian burials ( c . fourth to second centuries bc ) in Pokrovka, Kazakhstan (Hall and Yablonsky ). Most of the potash glasses from South‐East Asia and India belong to the m ‐K‐Ca‐Al type.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of some ancient glass beads unearthed from theKizil reservoir andWanquan cemeteries inXinjiang,China

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2013

Archaeometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A total of 33 ancient glass beads unearthed from the Kizil reservoir cemetery and Wanquan cemetery in Xinjiang are studied using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) and other methods. The detailed study of the glassy matrices, the crystalline inclusions and the microstructural heterogeneities for these glass beads has revealed some valuable information to help in the understanding of their possible manufacturing technology and provenance. At least two different types of glass were present in the two cemeteries. For the first time, antimony‐based colourant/opacifier—for example, Pb2Sb2O7 or CaSb2O6—was systematically identified in some beads of plant‐ash type soda–lime glass dated to about 1000–500 bc. The limited number of potash glass beads from the Kizil reservoir cemetery, which were dated to about 500–300 bc, used tin oxide as an opacifier. The diverse resources of the soda–lime and potash glasses indicate the existence of a complex trade network between China and the West much earlier than the Western Han Dynasty.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of some ancient glass beads unearthed from theKizil reservoir andWanquan cemeteries inXinjiang,China

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2013

Archaeometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Eastward from the Black Sea, nomadic groups roamed the Steppe, who likely carried small decorative items with them. Natron glass beads from burials dated to the early Sarmatian period (4-2 C. BCE) were found in Pokrovka, Orenburg, Russia, which are similar in style to beads from Scythian sites in Crimea and the Don Basin 69,70 . The Pokrovka beads include monochrome blue beads, blue-and-white eye beads, and a black glass bead, representing several types popular in the Mediterranean.…”

Section: Natron Glass and The Proto-silk Roadmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Greek expansion also promoted the spread of Mediterranean material culture to the Black Sea, bringing Mediterranean goods in contact with native groups 53 . Blue-and-white eye beads are frequent finds in Scythian burials near Greek colonies along the Black Sea 69 . Museums in Georgia house a large number of blue beads and blue-and-white eye beads from Colchian and Greek settlements (personal visit).…”

Section: Natron Glass and The Proto-silk Roadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eye beads and core-formed glass vessels excavated from the Filippovka I burials 66 also testify to the position of Southern Urals in the movement of Greek and Mediterranean glass items. Furthermore, from the 1st millennium BCE context, high-alumina soda glass has been found in Pokrovka and Pichvnari, and potash glass has been found in northwestern Xinjiang and Pokrovka 38,69,71 , which likely originated from South Asia. These finds demonstrate the Steppe's role in connecting diverse sources and facilitating specific diffusions oriented to either directions.…”

Section: Natron Glass and The Proto-silk Roadmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Natron glass beads reveal proto-Silk Road between the Mediterranean and China in the 1st millennium BCE

Lü

Henderson

Wang³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natron-based glass was a vital part of material culture in the Mediterranean and Europe for nearly two millennia, but natron glass found elsewhere on the Eurasian Continent has not received adequate discussion, despite its influence on ancient Asian glass. Here we present a new interpretation of natron glass finds from both the West and the East. After establishing the compositional types and technological sequence of Mediterranean natron glass (eighth-second century BCE) using trace elements, we report the analysis of a mid-1st millennium BCE glass bead from Xinjiang, China, which was likely made with Levantine raw glass, and identify common types of stratified eye beads in Eurasia based on a compositional and typological comparison. Combining these findings, we propose that a considerable number of Mediterranean natron glass products had arrived in East Asia at least by the fifth century BCE, which may have been a contributing factor in the development of native Chinese glass-making. The swift diffusion of natron glass across Eurasia in the 1st millennium BCE was likely facilitated by a three-stage process involving maritime and overland networks and multiple forms of trade and exchange, indicating a highly adaptable and increasingly efficient transcontinental connection along the ‘Proto-Silk Road’.

show abstract

“…[17,[26][27][28][29][30]. This is probably due to the fact that magnesium-containing carbonates (as dolomite) were used as raw material by the glassmaking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and stability of medieval glass bracelets from Drastar Castle, Bulgaria (11th–13th cent. AD): Four case studies

Velinova

Detcheva

Dimitriev

et al. 2010

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical Analyses of Sarmatian Glass Beads from Pokrovka, Russia

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of some ancient glass beads unearthed from theKizil reservoir andWanquan cemeteries inXinjiang,China

Characterization of some ancient glass beads unearthed from theKizil reservoir andWanquan cemeteries inXinjiang,China

Natron glass beads reveal proto-Silk Road between the Mediterranean and China in the 1st millennium BCE

Microstructure and stability of medieval glass bracelets from Drastar Castle, Bulgaria (11th–13th cent. AD): Four case studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About