Chemical Alteration (Patination) of Stone

Goodwin, A. J. H.

doi:10.2307/3886559

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The prior literature has established that varnishes in humid settings can form within decades to centuries (Buchun et al, 1986;Capot-Rey, 1965;Dorn and Meek, 1995;Dorn and Oberlander, 1982;Goodwin, 1960;Hunt, 1954;Hunt and Mabey, 1966;Klute and Krasser, 1940). This is the case for varnishes growing along the Erie Barge Canal (e.g.…”

Section: Role Of Humid Sites In Understanding Rates Of Varnish Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One potential answer rests in the thread of research finding that frequent moistening increases rates of varnish formation (Buchun et al, 1986;Capot-Rey, 1965;Dorn and Meek, 1995;Dorn and Oberlander, 1982;Goodwin, 1960;Hunt, 1954;Hunt and Mabey, 1966;Klute and Krasser, 1940). Using the Holocene calibration of varnish microlaminae (Liu and Broecker, 2007), a study of varnish on debris flows in Phoenix, Arizona revealed that varnish can form one to two orders of magnitude faster in particularly mesic microenvironments; these mesic settings, however, favor acid-producing lithobionts that typically out-complete and end up eroding most of the varnish (Dorn, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rock varnish in New York: An accelerated snapshot of accretionary processes

et al. 2012

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Section: Role Of Humid Sites In Understanding Rates Of Varnish Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock varnish in New York: An accelerated snapshot of accretionary processes

et al. 2012

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“…Chipped stone artifacts with variably patinated flake scars, relatively common in archaeological assemblages, are a clear and perhaps most cited indication of secondary recycling (Amick 2007;Hayden 1976;Sassaman 1993). Many lithic materials, including chert, rhyolite, and obsidian will gradually develop a patina on flaked surfaces (Goodwin 1960;Upchurch 1984). Variably patinated artifacts are ones that were made, discarded, remained in archaeological context to develop a patina, and then were later found and reworked to expose fresh (usu.…”

Section: Recognizing Secondary Lithic Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gifts of the Ancestors: Secondary Lithic Recycling in Appalachian Summit Prehistory

Whyte¹

2014

Am. antiq.

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Evidence of systematic secondary lithic recycling at the Katie Griffith site and Church Rocksheiter No. 2 in the mountains of western North Carolina is presented. It is proposed that recycling and reuse of found stone artifacts in the Early Woodland period of the Appalachian Summit region of the southeastern United States was a regular lithic procurement option. It is concluded that systematic secondary lithic recycling was widespread in prehistory, provides an avenue for exploring economizing responses to raw material procurement challenges, and must be accounted for when using lithic artifacts in reconstructions and explanations of human mobility, exchange, and technological organization, and in archaeological constructions of lithic artifact typologies.

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“…Therefore, it is possible that on a macro-scale heat treatment results in differential weathering with a pattern identical to double patina. Double patina is the term used to describe the occurrence of both patinated flake scars and flake scars that are unpatinated or less patinated on a single artefact (Goodwin 1960). Double patina develops when a patinated artefact is reworked (Goodwin 1960).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential etching after lithic heat treatment: First results of an experimental study

Kiers¹

2018

JLS

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The practice of lithic heat treatment creates a combination of initial dull flake scars and subsequent smooth flake scars when the implement is finished after heating. Experiments were done to test the susceptibility of dull and smooth flake scars to etching. The points were etched in 40% hydrofluoric acid for either 40 or 60 seconds. In the 40 seconds experiment, the smooth flake scars of 9 (out of 25) heated points showed less etching than the dull flake scars or no etching at all. These artefacts formed a weathering pattern that is similar to double patina in reworked flints. Ten unheated control samples did not form differential weathering between different generations of flake scars. In the 60 seconds experiment 4 (out of 25) heated points showed some parts of the smooth surface to be less affected. Ten unheated control samples did not form differential weathering. The experiments show that sometimes smooth flake scars are more resistant to etching initially. In Scanning Electron Microscopy, flint artefacts are sometimes pre-treated with hydrofluoric acid. Heat treated flints are susceptible to differential weathering by hydrofluoric acid. Thus, pre-treatment with hydrofluoric acid of heat treated SEM samples can lead to surfaces that are etched to a different extent. The chemical etching in this study does not replicate any natural patination process. How heat treated lithics respond to natural weathering processes cannot be predicted. Further studies should produce natural patination and test selected artefacts in contexts of intentional heat treatment for signs of heating.

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Chemical Alteration (Patination) of Stone

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Rock varnish in New York: An accelerated snapshot of accretionary processes

Rock varnish in New York: An accelerated snapshot of accretionary processes

Gifts of the Ancestors: Secondary Lithic Recycling in Appalachian Summit Prehistory

Differential etching after lithic heat treatment: First results of an experimental study

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