Chemical activation of carbon nano-onions for high-rate supercapacitor electrodes

Gao, Yang; Zhou, Yun Shen; Qian, Min; He, Xiao‐Ting; Redepenning, Jody; Goodman, Paul A.; Li, Hao Ming; Jiang, Lan; Lu, Yong Feng

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2012.08.009

Cited by 241 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition, their synthesis is generally easy and cost effective. While activated carbon is the material of choice for commercial supercapacitors, other forms of carbon materials such as carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) [10], onion-like carbons (OLCs) [11], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [12] and graphene [13] are currently being considered as next generation EDLC electrodes. In general, the electrochemical performance of carbon based EDLC device is highly dependent on its SSA, pore size and pore size distribution (PSD) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of porous carbon from expanded graphite for high energy density supercapacitor in aqueous electrolyte

Barzegar

Bello

Momodu

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

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In this work, we present the synthesis of low cost carbon nanosheets derived from expanded graphite dispersed in Polyvinylpyrrolidone, subsequently activated in KOH and finally .This electrical double layer capacitor electrode also exhibits excellent stability after floating test for 120 h in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. These results suggest that this activated expanded graphite (AEG) material has great potential for high performance electrode in energy storage applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of porous carbon from expanded graphite for high energy density supercapacitor in aqueous electrolyte

Barzegar

Bello

Momodu

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

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“…4 a minor increase in the imaginary part can be seen due to electrolyte resistance. The corresponding conductance shows a typical behaviour, with values close to zero at low frequencies increasing with the increasing frequency, with a maximum of 1.3 S. 50 A complete physical characterization of CS has been done measuring the transport properties using the four-probe method. The CS exhibited a nonmetallic behaviour as can be observed in the thermal evolution of resistance (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CVD synthesis of carbon spheres using NiFe-LDHs as catalytic precursors: structural, electrochemical and magnetoresistive properties

et al. 2016

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The gram-scale synthesis of carbon spheres with a diameter of ca. 740 nm has been achieved by means of a chemical vapour deposition method using NiFe-layered double hydroxides as a solid catalytic precursor. The presence of the catalyst (FeNi 3 ) allows controlling the final size distribution, resulting in a monodisperse sample. Their structural properties exhibited a high degree of graphitization according to their I D /I G ratio. In addition, their morphological features were unveiled by FIB-SEM and HRTEM, showing that they are formed by solid inner cores, and presenting labile chain-like structures due to accretion procedures. The solution and posterior sonication of the samples in toluene gave rise to the well-defined isolated spheres. The textural and electrochemical properties of the spheres have been tested showing non-mesoporous structures with a good behaviour as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to the presence of redox functionalities on their surface. Finally, magneto-transport measurements have been carried out, demonstrating semiconductor behaviour, as well as a positive magnetoresistance effect (ca. 72%) for the lowest studied temperature (2 K).

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“…4 Some processing techniques, such as chemical activation of the surface, can reach surface areas of 800 m 2 /g, with defective outer-shell OLCs. 21 However, in this case, BET surface area decreases with processing (Fig. 4b), which may be in fact due to the presence of oxygen on the OLC, which blocks the gas from adsorbing onto the surface, leading to a lower value.…”

Section: Dispersibility and Functionalization-as Depicted Inmentioning

confidence: 96%

Processing of Onion-like Carbon for Electrochemical Capacitors

Aken

Maleski

Mathis

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Multi-shell fullerenes known as onion-like carbon (OLC) are especially attractive in applications relative to energy storage, such as electrochemical capacitors, due to a near-spherical shape of particles, their nanoscale diameters and high conductivity leading to fast rate performance. Because of this, onion-like carbon can be fabricated into electrodes, used as a conductive additive, and may have potential in composites and additive manufacturing. However due to agglomeration of OLC particles, creating a stable, aqueous dispersion for ink production or formulating composites proves challenging. We explore how attrition milling, acid treatment, and probe sonication can be employed to decrease agglomeration and provide colloidal stability in aqueous media. We also investigate how the electrochemical performance changes with each processing step as well as the treatments in succession. When tested in electrochemical capacitors, the processing increases the capacitance by a factor of three, due to an added pseudocapacitive contribution which is not present in untreated OLC. As a result, the processing of OLC proves to be advantageous for the production of stable, aqueous solutions, which also exhibit improved electrochemical properties suitable for functional inks, conductive additives, and fabrication of composite electrodes. Electrochemical capacitors are widely studied due to their affordable and efficient electrical energy storage which is needed to enable widespread use of renewable energy sources and provide energy security.1 These devices strive to solve energy issues by providing quick charge-discharge (millisecond to second time constants), high power densities and long cycle lives. Mainly due to the mechanism by which charge is stored, these devices, unlike batteries, store energy by physical adsorption of ions leading to the formation of the electric double layer on the electrode. Due to the performance metrics necessary to achieve functioning devices, the electrode is commonly made from highly conductive, thermally and electrically stable, large surface area carbon materials such as activated carbon (AC), and carbide-derived carbon (CDC).1 Carbon black or carbon nanotubes are often added to the activated carbon and other electrode materials to improve their electronic conductivity and performance at high rates.2 Another carbon material, onion-like carbon (OLC) has also shown promise in electrochemical capacitors because of a unique, multishell fullerene structure with nanoscale diameters (5-10 nm).3-8 OLC can be considered as the ultimate carbon black because of its small particle size and high electrical conductivity. These materials have accessible and non-functionalized external surface areas, enabling the quick charging and discharging necessary for electrochemical capacitors. Previously investigated OLC-based microsupercapacitors, fabricated with interdigitated architectures, achieved high-rate performance, delivered stack capacitances four orders of magnitude higher than that of electrolytic capa...

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Chemical activation of carbon nano-onions for high-rate supercapacitor electrodes

Cited by 241 publications

References 37 publications

Preparation and characterization of porous carbon from expanded graphite for high energy density supercapacitor in aqueous electrolyte

Preparation and characterization of porous carbon from expanded graphite for high energy density supercapacitor in aqueous electrolyte

CVD synthesis of carbon spheres using NiFe-LDHs as catalytic precursors: structural, electrochemical and magnetoresistive properties

Processing of Onion-like Carbon for Electrochemical Capacitors

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