Chelonia

Rodríguez, Carlos E.; Duque, Ana María Henao; Steinberg, Jennifer D.; Woodburn, Daniel B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805306-5.00034-1

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Shell disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in aquatic chelonians. 4,21 Similar cysts lined by thick cornified epithelium with luminal keratin, necrotic bone, and cellular debris have been reported previously in river cooters ( Pseudemys concinna ) and yellow-bellied turtles ( Trachemys scripta ). 7,16 In these cases, cysts were presumed to be a chronic lesion and indicative of a healing process with cysts walling off and expelling the necrotic bone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Shell Lesions Associated WithEmydomyces testavoransInfection in Freshwater Aquatic Turtles

et al. 2021

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A newly described onygenalean fungus, Emydomyces testavorans, has been isolated from ulcerative shell and skin lesions of freshwater aquatic chelonians. To investigate the shell lesions associated with infection and determine if any lesional features were unique to E. testavorans, tissues from turtles housed in zoological institutions ( n = 45) in the United States and free-living turtles ( n = 5) submitted for diagnostic biopsy or necropsy were examined. Free-living turtles were from geographically distinct habitats in Florida ( n = 1) and Washington ( n = 4) at the time of sampling. Histologic shell sections were evaluated for the presence or absence of specific lesional features. Infection with E. testavorans was evaluated in all cases by screening GMS (Grocott-Gomori’s methenamine silver)-stained histologic sections for the presence of morphologically consistent fungi and by quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) on representative frozen tissue or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. Additionally, culture was performed for 15 cases with available fresh/frozen tissue. In total, there were 17 PCR-confirmed E. testavorans cases, 29 cases with morphologically consistent fungi on GMS-stained sections, and 21 cases of shell lesions without histologic or molecular evidence of E. testavorans infection. Epithelial inclusion cysts, defined as cystic structures within the dermis lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and containing necrotic bone and keratin debris, were significantly ( P < .01) associated with E. testavorans infection. Other significantly associated shell lesions included squamous metaplasia, hyperkeratosis, inflammation, and osteonecrosis ( P < .05). This study identified characteristic shell lesions associated with E. testavorans infection. Further studies to prove causality are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Shell Lesions Associated WithEmydomyces testavoransInfection in Freshwater Aquatic Turtles

et al. 2021

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“…Respiratory disease is a prominent and important diagnostic finding in sea turtles ( 2 ). Chelonians lack a functional diaphragm and cannot cough, making clearance of infections and inflammatory debris within the lungs nearly impossible ( 3 ). In a retrospective study of cold-stunned Kemp's ridley sea turtles in rehabilitation facilities, diseases of the respiratory system including bacterial and fungal diseases were one of the most common findings ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of normal pulmonary radiographic findings in 55 apparently healthy juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii)

Barrett

Moore²,

Lee³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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A total of 55 digital radiographic studies from 53 individual juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) were retrospectively used to determine the normal radiographic anatomy of the lower respiratory tract in sea turtles that had been stranded due to hook-and-line injury and were otherwise clinically healthy. There were three or four projections available for each study: dorsoventral (DV), rostrocaudal (RoCd), and left and/or right lateral. The DV and RoCd were most conducive for assessing global lung volume and symmetry of lung volume. The DV and lateral views were most helpful for evaluating the main bronchus and its branching channels and for assessing lung margination. The RoCd view was most useful for assessing the symmetry of the lung opacity. The lateral views were most helpful for assessing the ventral margin of each lung lobe. On the lateral view, the main bronchus lay ventrally and coursed horizontally through the lung from cranial to caudal. On the DV view, the bronchus lay medially and was observed to be curvilinear coursing caudomedially. On the RoCd view, the main bronchus was located ventromedially. The RoCd view demonstrated the channels and niches end-on resulting in a reticulated or honeycomb appearance. The channels were seen as uniform striations coursing perpendicular to the main bronchus on the lateral views (vertical striations coursing dorsal to ventral) and DV views (horizontal striations coursing medially to laterally).

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“…Obligate aquatic turtles, such as members of the Dermochelyidae, Carettochelyidae and Trionychidae, are noteworthy for their reduced scalations. Adult dermochelyids even lack these integumental appendages, with juveniles losing scales in favor of a smooth, leathery skin during their ontogenetic transition to adulthood 9 – 11 . Members of the Carettochelyidae and Trionychidae independently evolved partial scale reduction, losing scutes and the majority of their body scales in the process 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Members of the Carettochelyidae and Trionychidae independently evolved partial scale reduction, losing scutes and the majority of their body scales in the process 12 . However, these turtles retain scales in a few places, with carettochelyids possessing them, e.g., along the leading edge of their flippers 11 , 13 . The secondary loss of scales in dermochelyids, carettochelyids and trionychids seems to have occurred in tandem with both shell reduction and the development of specialized hydrodynamic limbs 14 , 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ancestral hard-shelled sea turtle with a mosaic of soft skin and scutes

Garza

Madsen²,

Sjövall

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The transition from terrestrial to marine environments by secondarily aquatic tetrapods necessitates a suite of adaptive changes associated with life in the sea, e.g., the scaleless skin in adult individuals of the extant leatherback turtle. A partial, yet exceptionally preserved hard-shelled (Pan-Cheloniidae) sea turtle with extensive soft-tissue remains, including epidermal scutes and a virtually complete flipper outline, was recently recovered from the Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark. Examination of the fossilized limb tissue revealed an originally soft, wrinkly skin devoid of scales, together with organic residues that contain remnant eumelanin pigment and inferred epidermal transformation products. Notably, this stem cheloniid—unlike its scaly living descendants—combined scaleless limbs with a bony carapace covered in scutes. Our findings show that the adaptive transition to neritic waters by the ancestral pan-chelonioids was more complex than hitherto appreciated, and included at least one evolutionary lineage with a mosaic of integumental features not seen in any living turtle.

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Chelonia

Cited by 11 publications

References 92 publications

Shell Lesions Associated WithEmydomyces testavoransInfection in Freshwater Aquatic Turtles

Shell Lesions Associated WithEmydomyces testavoransInfection in Freshwater Aquatic Turtles

Description of normal pulmonary radiographic findings in 55 apparently healthy juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii)

An ancestral hard-shelled sea turtle with a mosaic of soft skin and scutes

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