Chełmno i Toruń. Początki miast na ziemi chełmińskiej

Abstract

WOJCIECH CHUDZIAK, JACEK BOJARSKI Chełmno i Toruń. Początki miast na ziemi chełmińskiej Chełmno and Toruń. The origins of towns in Chełmno Land Zarys treści. Podsumowanie wiedzy i badań nad początkami Chełmna i Torunia z uwzględnieniem opracowań historycznych oraz najnowszych wyników badań archeologicznych. Omówienie warunków powstania tych ośrodków, czynników kształtowania sieci osadniczej w najbliższym otoczeniu, podkreślenie rangi tradycji miejsca. Wskazanie różnic i podobieństw w funkcjonowaniu Chełmna i Torunia-ważnych elementów struktur osadniczych oraz punktów węzłowych połączeń komunikacyjnych we wczesnym średniowieczu.

Revealing the first location of abandoned medieval town Toruń, Poland, with the use of integrated noninvasive research

“…As far as discussions of archaeological research methodologies, procedures and approaches go, it should be remembered that this Earlier attempts at locating the first location of Toru n using more traditional approaches did not provide positive results. It was considered highly probable that this site had been destroyed by fluvial accumulation and erosion during a flood (Chudziak & Bojarski, 2015;Jasi nski, 1999) Furthermore, in the area surrounded by the alleged moat, a structure was identified in aerial imagery that was interpreted as the remains of an alluvial fan formed by flood waters pouring in through the embankment surrounding the town.…”

“…Earlier attempts at locating the first location of Toruń using more traditional approaches did not provide positive results. It was considered highly probable that this site had been destroyed by fluvial accumulation and erosion during a flood (Chudziak & Bojarski, 2015; Jasiński, 1999) or during realisation of modern investments: flood embankments, regulation of the Vistula riverbed and construction of the Wood Port.…”

New historical data on the Teutonic Order crusades in Prussia: geophysical and archaeological research into an earth‐and‐timber stronghold and city of the 1230s at Starogród, northern‐central Poland

“…From the sources (Peter of Dusburg) it is known that it was first granted its charter in the present‐day village of Starogród. Then there were two, or maybe three translocations: first to the Rybaki area, today a district of Chełmno, and in around 1250–1253 to the location of the modern city (Chudziak & Bojarski, , 86, 90; Jasiński, , 44). However, the current state of research did not allow for a precise determination of the location of the oldest chartered city.…”

“…In all studies on the history of Prussian urbanization, great significance is accorded the charter document issued by the Grand Master of the Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, Hermann von Salz and Provincial Master Hermann Balk, which determined the legal and political framework for the two oldest and largest cities granted charters in Chełmno Land – Chełmno and Toruń. It was drawn up based on Western European examples, especially Magdeburg and Flemish laws (Chudziak & Bojarski, , 83). Its significance is so great because for many years, known as Chełmno Law, it was a model for the chartering of many other urban centres located both within and beyond the borders of the monastic state.…”