Chelation of Thallium (III) in Rats Using Combined Deferasirox and Deferiprone Therapy

Abstract

Thallium and its compounds are a class of highly toxic chemicals that cause wide-ranging symptoms such as gastrointestinal disturbances; polyneuritis; encephalopathy; tachycardia; skin eruptions; hepatic, renal, cardiac, and neurological toxicities; and have mutagenic and genotoxic effects. The present research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the chelating agents deferasirox (DFX) and deferiprone (L1) in reducing serum and tissue thallium levels after the administration of thallium (III), according to two different dosing regimens, to several groups of Wistar rats for 60 days. It was hypothesized that the two chelators might be more efficient as a combined therapy than as monotherapies in removing thallium (III) from the rats’ organs. The chelators were administered orally as either single or combined therapies for a period of 14 days. Serum and tissue thallium (III) and iron concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Serum and tissue thallium (III) levels were significantly reduced by combined therapy with DFX and L1. Additionally, iron concentrations returned to normal levels and symptoms of toxicity decreased.

Thallium toxicity due to audultered infusion with thallium sulfate in eight members belonging to the same family nucleus: Autopsy findings and ICP-MS analysis (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in a triple homicide

“…Therapy, in cases of thallium intoxications, consists in the administration of chelating agents able of binding the substance in order to facilitate renal metabolism and elimination from the blood stream. Prussian Blue is the substance commonly used with an extremely slow process -78% of the dose is eliminated in a month, mostly, with fecesbut the death can occur precociously due to cardiocirculatory failure or, belatedly, for multi-organ failure related to the global effects of the poison on the cellular metabolism [14].…”

Titania supported dioxidotungsten(vi) complex as bio-mimic for the type II copper-containing oxidase enzyme phenoxazinone synthase

“…Elemental analysis of compounds was performed on an Elementar Vario El-III instrument. JEOL 500 MHz spectrometer was used to acquire the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra in DMSO-d 6 using tetramethylsilane as an internal standard employing common parameter settings. The Powder-X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) pattern of the prepared heterogeneous materials was obtained by XRD-Rigaku, Germany.…”

“…Titania supported ligand II, and complex 2 were additionally characterized by MP-AES, DRS, P-XRD, XPS and TEM. Discussion on FT-IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR of homogeneous complex 1 is presented in ESI † (also see Fig. S1-S3 and Table S1).…”

“…11,12 Recently, DFX combined with deferiprone has been reported to eliminate thallium from rats' organs. 13 Recent investigations have shown that DFX can be used as an effective chemotherapeutic, 14,15 antifungal, 16 and antimicrobial agent. [17][18][19] This tridentate dibasic (O-N-O) compound having a triazole functional group has recently hailed the scientific community's interest in synthesizing metal complexes showing efficient catalytic activities.…”

Novel Tl(III) complexes containing pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate derivatives with selective anticancer activity through inducing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in A375 cells

“…Such effectiveness is related to the high toxicity of this metal. On the other hand, the isotope 20 1 Tl has been applied in imaging of the myocardium and tumors 6 , 7 and indicated achievements for recognizing the proliferation of small lung cancer 4 .…”