Chelated lead and bone lead.

Tell, I.; Lj, Somervaille; Nilsson, Ulf J.; Bensryd, I; Schütz, Andrejs; Dr, Chettle; Mc, Scott; Skerfving, Staffan

doi:10.5271/sjweh.1603

Cited by 58 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…It also does not provide valid information on the distribution of Pb in tissues. [75][76][77][78][79] The inadequacy of PbB to reflect Pb accumulation in the organs has also been documented in rats. 80 If there were any cumulative eVect of Pb on reproduction, relying on blood concentrations alone would be insuYcient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male reproductive toxicity of lead in animals and humans. ASCLEPIOS Study Group.

et al. 1998

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Objective-To critically review the literature on male reproductive toxicity of lead in animals and humans. Methods-A systematic literature search identified a total of 32 experimental studies in animals and 22 epidemiological studies, one case report on humans and five review articles or documents. The studies were evaluated by paying attention mainly to sample size, study design, exposure, and dose characterisation, analytical method standardisation, and quality assurance. Results-Several studies on rats and other rodents indicated that blood lead concentrations >30-40 µg/dl were associated with impairment of spermatogenesis and reduced concentrations of androgens. However, other animal studies, mainly about histopathological, spermatozoal, and hormonal end points, indicated that certain species and strains were quite resistant to the reproductive toxicity of lead and that diVerent testicular lead concentrations could account for these diVerences. The human studies focused mainly on semen quality, endocrine function, and birth rates in occupationally exposed subjects, and showed that exposure to concentrations of inorganic lead >40 µg/dl in blood impaired male reproductive function by reducing sperm count, volume, and density, or changing sperm motility and morphology. No relevant eVects were detected on endocrine profile. Conclusion-Several factors make it diYcult to extrapolate the animal data to the human situation. The diYculties are mainly due to diVerences between species in reproductive end points and to the level of exposure. Concentrations of blood lead >40 µg/dl seemed to be associated with a decrease in sperm count, volume, motility, and morphological alterations and a possible modest eVect on endocrine profile. Dose-response relation, in particular at a threshold level, is poorly understood, and site, mode, or mechanism of action are unknown. Also, the eVects were not always the same or associated in the same way, although the prevalent eVects were on sperm count and concentration. Some methodological issues and indications for future studies are discussed. (Occup Environ Med 1998;55:364-374)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male reproductive toxicity of lead in animals and humans. ASCLEPIOS Study Group.

et al. 1998

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“…These drugs produce significant and frequent side effects, depending on their mechanisms of action which may lead to minor complications such as headache, nausea and vomiting, rashes, anaemia, nasal congestions (Tell et al, 2010), and severe complications including renal toxicity progressing to nephrotic syndrome, have been described (Tell et al, 2010). Economically, they are expensive and cannot be easily afforded by the rural poor who are mostly vulneralble to metallic poisoning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of lead-poisoned rats through oral administration of palm oil extracts

Nsiah¹,

Peter²,

Emmanuel³

2014

Afr. J. Biochem. Res.

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The palm fruit (Elaies guineensis) is the source of palmitic-oleic rich semi-solid fat and fat-soluble minor components, made up of vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), carotenoids and phytosterols. This study was in two parts. Firstly, it examined the effects of palm oil fractionation methods on recovery and concentration of carotenes, tocopherols and tocotrienols which are known to have nutritional and medicinal properties. Secondly, the study also investigated lead (Pb) poisoning effects on blood of albino rats and the efficacy of treatment with crude palm oil and palm oil extracts. The extraction methods employed in the study were adsorption chromatography, saponification and bleaching. The palm fruits used were of the Tenera variety, obtained from a plantation located at Goaso in Ghana. Examination of the palm oil extracts revealed that the unsaponifiable fraction contained 19,570 ppm carotene, 39,290 ppm vitamin E (tocols), 2.7% of carotenes, and 4.6% of free fatty acids (FFA). The adsorption chromatographic isolated fraction contained 16,310 ppm of carotenes, 19,870 ppm of tocols and 3.3% of FFA. The bleached fraction had a reduced level of carotenes and tocols with values of 209 ppm and 640 ppm respectively. A high FFA of 13.1% was recorded. The crude palm oil contained 530 ppm of carotenes, 1,040 ppm of tocols and 4.6% of FFA. Oral administration of 2 g/L lead acetate significantly decreased red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, haematocrit value and platelet count 40 days after treatment in rats, compared with the control group (that is, rats administered with deionized water). Crude palm oil and palm oil extracts administered (0.5 ml/kg body weight/day) significantly restored the normal blood conditions of the lead-poisoned rats. However, the bleached fraction had no significant effect on the rats. The unsaponifiable matter and the adsorption chromatographic fractions reversed the poisoning effect of lead in the rats to near normal levels. The efficiency of these extracts in treating lead toxicity depended on the contents of carotenes and tocols, which are biological antioxidants. Considering oxidative stress as the major mechanism of lead toxicity, and this study has shown that the high level of antioxidants in palm oil extracts makes it effective natural product for the treatment of lead poisoning.

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“…The last three decades, in vivo measurements with XRF have been used to estimate the previous lead exposure in lead exposed populations (4-5, 8-10, 13, 21). The XRF-technique has also been used for lead determinations in occupationally unexposed subjects in Australia (7) and to evaluate the effect of chelation therapy on bone lead concentrations in lead exposed workers (19,(22)(23).…”

Section: Lead In Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Lead concentrations in cortical and trabecular bones in deceased smelter workers

Gerhardsson

Akantis

Lundström

et al. 2005

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

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3The aim of the study was to compare bone lead concentrations in cortical and trabecular bones in long-term exposed primary copper and lead smelter workers, and to relate the measured concentrations to the previous lead exposure of the workers.Lead concentrations in seven bones (trabecular: sternum, vertebrae, iliac crest, rib; cortical: femur, left forefinger, and temporal bone) were determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry in 32 male, long-term exposed copper and lead smelter workers, and compared with levels in ten male occupationally unexposed referents. A time-integrated blood lead index (CBLI) was calculated for each worker.The lead levels in the seven studied bones were all significantly higher in active and retired lead workers as compared with the reference group (p≤0.003). The highest lead concentrations among the workers were observed in finger bone (median 106 ppm), followed in order by vertebrae, iliac crest and sternum. The highest quotients between median bone lead concentrations of workers vs referents were observed for trabecular bones (sternum 12.3, iliac crest 11.8, rib 8.8 and vertebrae 8.5). In retired workers, strong positive correlations were noted between lead levels in sternum and iliac crest (r s =0.91; p<0.001) and femur and temporal bone (r s =0.88, p<0.001). Neither CBLI nor exposure-time was related to the bone lead concentrations in any of the studied groups.The findings indicate similarities in the metabolism for bones with the same basic structure. The highest lead concentrations were found in finger bone, which can be used for retrospective exposure evaluations in lead exposed populations, e.g. through XRFmeasurements.

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Chelated lead and bone lead.

Cited by 58 publications

References 20 publications

Male reproductive toxicity of lead in animals and humans. ASCLEPIOS Study Group.

Male reproductive toxicity of lead in animals and humans. ASCLEPIOS Study Group.

Treatment of lead-poisoned rats through oral administration of palm oil extracts

Lead concentrations in cortical and trabecular bones in deceased smelter workers

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