Checkpoint Inhibitors in Relapsed/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Tarekegn, Kidist; Ramos, Ana Colon; Singh, Balraj; Gross, Harry; Gupta, Sachin

doi:10.14740/wjon1388

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Immune checkpoints play a notable role in suppressing anti-tumour immunity and thus in facilitating tumour escape; indeed, the PD-1-targeting checkpoint inhibitors Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab have shown remarkable success in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, bladder cancer, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. Moreover, combinatorial approaches with CTLA-4-targeting checkpoint inhibitors such as Ipilimumab have shown considerable advantages over monotherapy [ 72 ].…”

Section: Solid Tumour Targeting By Engineered Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payload Delivery: Engineering Immune Cells to Disrupt the Tumour Microenvironment

Fowler

Nattress

Navarrete

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown impressive clinical success against haematological malignancies such as B cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, their efficacy against non-haematological solid malignancies has been largely disappointing. Solid tumours pose many additional challenges for CAR T cells that have severely blunted their potency, including homing to the sites of disease, survival and persistence within the adverse conditions of the tumour microenvironment, and above all, the highly immunosuppressive nature of the tumour milieu. Gene engineering approaches for generating immune cells capable of overcoming these hurdles remain an unmet therapeutic need and ongoing area of research. Recent advances have involved gene constructs for membrane-bound and/or secretable proteins that provide added effector cell function over and above the benefits of classical CAR-mediated cytotoxicity, rendering immune cells not only as direct cytotoxic effectors against tumours, but also as vessels for payload delivery capable of both modulating the tumour microenvironment and orchestrating innate and adaptive anti-tumour immunity. We discuss here the novel concept of engineered immune cells as vessels for payload delivery into the tumour microenvironment, how these cells are better adapted to overcome the challenges faced in a solid tumour, and importantly, the novel gene engineering approaches required to deliver these more complex polycistronic gene constructs.

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Section: Solid Tumour Targeting By Engineered Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payload Delivery: Engineering Immune Cells to Disrupt the Tumour Microenvironment

Fowler

Nattress

Navarrete

et al. 2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, we have noticed that there has been a huge increase in cancer immunology and immunotherapy interest. On immune checkpoint inhibition alone, Minami et al reported that sarcopenia and visceral adiposity did not affect its efficacy in lung cancer [ 31 ], Aly et al reported its use in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma [ 32 ], Tarekegn et al reported its use in relapsed/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma [ 33 ], Li et al reported its surrogate endpoints for gastro-esophageal carcinoma [ 34 ], and Rajapakse et al summarized one of its side effects [ 10 ]. Given the global pandemic of COVID-19 starting from 2020, our journal published three articles on this topic.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%