Checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of Canada and Alaska

Paquin, Pierre; Buckle, Donald J.; Dupérré, Nadine; Dondale, C. D.

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2461.1.1

Cited by 33 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…N. clathrata is broadly distributed in Canada (Paquin et al . ), but was described from Europe so its range is Holarctic. The individuals in the BIN collected at sites across Canada (BOLD:AAA8358) showed close barcode similarity to European specimens, while those in the other BIN, BOLD:AAB7327, showed marked sequence divergence (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal of 109 coverage was established to permit the analysis of intraspecific variation in barcode sequences. Prior taxonomic studies have indicated the magnitude of the challengeabout 1460 species of spiders are known from Canada (Dondale 1979;Bennett 1999;Paquin et al 2010;Dup err e 2013). These taxa include representatives from two of the three suborders and from 46 of the 114 families of spiders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untangling taxonomy: a DNA barcode reference library for Canadian spiders

Blagoev

deWaard

Ratnasingham

et al. 2015

Molecular Ecology Resources

101

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Approximately 1460 species of spiders have been reported from Canada, 3% of the global fauna. This study provides a DNA barcode reference library for 1018 of these species based upon the analysis of more than 30 000 specimens. The sequence results show a clear barcode gap in most cases with a mean intraspecific divergence of 0.78% vs. a minimum nearest-neighbour (NN) distance averaging 7.85%. The sequences were assigned to 1359 Barcode index numbers (BINs) with 1344 of these BINs composed of specimens belonging to a single currently recognized species. There was a perfect correspondence between BIN membership and a known species in 795 cases, while another 197 species were assigned to two or more BINs (556 in total). A few other species (26) were involved in BIN merges or in a combination of merges and splits. There was only a weak relationship between the number of specimens analysed for a species and its BIN count. However, three species were clear outliers with their specimens being placed in 11-22 BINs. Although all BIN splits need further study to clarify the taxonomic status of the entities involved, DNA barcodes discriminated 98% of the 1018 species. The present survey conservatively revealed 16 species new to science, 52 species new to Canada and major range extensions for 426 species. However, if most BIN splits detected in this study reflect cryptic taxa, the true species count for Canadian spiders could be 30-50% higher than currently recognized.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untangling taxonomy: a DNA barcode reference library for Canadian spiders

Blagoev

deWaard

Ratnasingham

et al. 2015

Molecular Ecology Resources

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This family is one of the richest groups of spiders in temperate forests and in Canada (Bennett 1999, Paquin et al 2010, and as a consequence, generalizations regarding this group are dif- Þcult. Even though this guild is well represented in all three layers (overall richness: 53 spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spider Assemblages in the Overstory, Understory, and Ground Layers of Managed Stands in the Western Boreal Mixedwood Forest of Canada

2011

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Logging is the main human disturbance in the boreal forest; thus, understanding the effects of harvesting practices on biodiversity is essential for a more sustainable forestry. To assess changes in spider composition because of harvesting, samples were collected from three forest layers (overstory, understory, and ground) of deciduous and conifer dominated stands in the northwestern Canadian boreal mixedwood forest. Spider assemblages and feeding guild composition were compared between uncut controls and stands harvested to 20% retention. In total, 143 spider species were collected, 74 from the ground, 60 from the understory, and 71 from the overstory, and species composition of these three pools differed considerably among layers. Distinctive spider assemblages were collected from the canopy of each forest cover type but these were only slightly affected by harvesting. However, logging had a greater impact on the species composition in the understory and ground layers when compared with unharvested controls. Guild structure differed among layers, with wandering and sheet-weaving spiders dominant on the ground while orb-weaving and ambush spiders were better represented in the understory and overstory, respectively. Given the ecological importance of spiders and the expectation of faunal changes with increased harvesting, further efforts toward the understanding of species composition in higher strata of the boreal forest are needed.

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“…They are informative ecological indicators because they are among the most important invertebrate generalist predators in most terrestrial ecosystems (Wise ), are highly diverse (e.g., >1400 species in Canada and Alaska, USA; Paquin et al. ), and show clear responses to disturbances (Work et al. , Buddle and Shorthouse , Pinzon et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spiders are commonly used to assess impacts of disturbance on ecosystem structure, function, and recovery. They are informative ecological indicators because they are among the most important invertebrate generalist predators in most terrestrial ecosystems (Wise 1993), are highly diverse (e.g., >1400 species in Canada and Alaska, USA; Paquin et al 2010), and show clear responses to disturbances (Work et al 2004, Buddle and Shorthouse 2008, Pinzon et al 2011. Therefore, spiders are useful for assessing effects of variable retention harvesting.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ten‐year responses of ground‐dwelling spiders to retention harvest in the boreal forest

Pinzón

Spence

Langor

et al. 2016

Ecological Applications

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The Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbances (EMEND) project tests the hypothesis that varying levels of green tree retention maintain and retain forest biodiversity better than conventional clear-cutting. We studied epigaeic spiders to assess biodiversity changes 2, 5, and 10 yr following a range of partial retention harvests (clear-cut, 10-75% retention) and unharvested controls in four boreal mixedwood cover types. A total of 56 371 adult spiders representing 220 species was collected using pitfall traps. Lasting effects on forest structure were proportional to harvest intensity. These changes strongly influenced spider richness, abundance, and species composition, as well as assemblage recovery. Distinctive assemblages were associated with disturbance level, especially with partial harvests (≤50% retention), and these were dominated by open-habitat species even 10 yr after harvest. Assemblages were more similar to those of controls in the highest (75%) retention treatment, but significant recovery toward the structure of pre-disturbance assemblages was not detected for any prescription in any cover type. Although early responses to retention harvest suggested positive effects on spider assemblages, these are better explained as lag effects after harvest because assemblages were less similar to those of unharvested controls 5 yr post-harvest, and only minor recovery was observed 10 yr following harvest. Retention of forest biodiversity decreased over time, especially in conifer stands and the lower (10-50%) retention treatments. Overall, retention harvests retained biodiversity and promoted landscape heterogeneity somewhat better than clear-cutting; however, there was a clear gradient of response and no retention "threshold" for conservation can be recommended on the basis of our data. Furthermore, results suggest that retention harvest prescriptions should be adjusted for cover type. We show that low retention ameliorated impacts in broadleaved forests characteristic of earlier stages in mixedwood succession, but only higher retention was associated with less impact in successionally older conifer forests. Although these short-term responses (10 yr) of spider assemblages support use of retention harvests, understanding the true conservation merit of these practices, relative to conventional approaches, requires evaluation over longer time scales, with work more focused on recovery of biodiversity than on its preservation after harvest.

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Checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of Canada and Alaska

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Untangling taxonomy: a DNA barcode reference library for Canadian spiders

Untangling taxonomy: a DNA barcode reference library for Canadian spiders

Spider Assemblages in the Overstory, Understory, and Ground Layers of Managed Stands in the Western Boreal Mixedwood Forest of Canada

Ten‐year responses of ground‐dwelling spiders to retention harvest in the boreal forest

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