Checklist of Nemertean Genera and Species Published between 1995 and 2007

Kajihara, Hiroshi; Chеrnyshev, Alexei V.; Sun, Shichun; Sundberg, Per; Crandall, Frank B.

doi:10.12782/specdiv.13.245

Cited by 109 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Nemerteans are a phylum of mostly marine predatory worms, with some 1275 described species (Kajihara et al, 2008). Nemerteans possess classical equal spiral cleavage (Henry and Martindale 1998;Maslakova et al, 2004a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From trochophore to pilidium and back again - a larva’s journey

Maslakova¹,

Hiebert²

2014

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Nemerteans, a phylum of marine lophotrochozoan worms, have a biphasic life history with benthic adults and planktonic larvae. Nemertean larval development is traditionally categorized into direct and indirect. Indirect development via a long-lived planktotrophic pilidium larva is thought to have evolved in one clade of nemerteans, the Pilidiophora, from an ancestor with a uniformly ciliated planuliform larva. Planuliform larvae in a member of a basal nemertean group, the Palaeonemertea, have been previously shown to possess a vestigial prototroch, homologous to the primary larval ciliated band in the trochophores of other spiralian phyla, such as annelids and mollusks. We review literature on nemertean larval development, and include our own unpublished observations. We highlight recent discoveries of numerous pilidiophoran species with lecithotrophic larvae. Some of these larvae superficially resemble uniformly ciliated planuliform larvae of other nemerteans. Others possess one or two transverse ciliary bands, which superficially resemble the prototroch and telotroch of some spiralian trochophores. We also summarize accumulating evidence for planktotrophic feeding by larvae of the order Hoplonemertea, which until now were considered to be lecithotrophic. We suggest that 1) non-feeding pilidiophoran larval forms are derived from a feeding pilidium; 2) such forms have likely evolved many times independently within the Pilidiophora; 3) any resemblance of such larvae to the trochophores of other spiralians is a result of convergence and that 4) the possibility of planktotrophy in hoplonemertean larvae may influence estimates of pelagic larval duration, dispersal, and population connectivity in this group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From trochophore to pilidium and back again - a larva’s journey

Maslakova¹,

Hiebert²

2014

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…They are found throughout the world's oceans and include approximately 1,275 described species (Kajihara et al 2008). The defining characteristic of these unsegmented worms is an eversible proboscis in a fluid-filled cavity or rhynchocoel (Turbeville 2002;Thollesson and Norenburg 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA uncovers Antarctic nemertean biodiversity and exposes a decades-old cold case of asymmetric inventory

et al. 2009

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With threats to biodiversity posed by anthropogenic impacts and global climate change, characterization of existing flora and fauna is increasingly important, but continues to focus predominantly on easily studied taxa. In the Southern Ocean, levels of species richness remain relatively unexplored due to remoteness and difficulties of sampling the region. Nemerteans (proboscis worms; ribbon worms) are unusually abundant and occasionally conspicuous in the Antarctic region. Despite being routinely collected, difficulties in preserving voucher material, morphological limitations, and shortage of taxonomic expertise have hindered our understanding of nemertean diversity. To assess patterns of diversity, we examined a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene from larval and adult nemerteans (n = 192) from 53 sites along the western Antarctic Peninsula. We found 20 distinct lineages having an uncorrected genetic distance (p) greater than 5% to the nearest sister taxon or group, 19 of which have not been genetically characterized in previous studies. Additionally, the putatively dominant adult species in the region, Parborlasia corrugatus, was found to comprise only 4.3% of larvae sampled (n = 3 out of 69 samples from 12 locations). Of 47 nemertean species recorded from Antarctic waters, 20 are heteronemerteans and therefore could have a pelagic pilidium larval phase. These results suggest that Antarctic biodiversity is underestimated, and that unknown species of nemerteans await description from Southern Ocean waters.

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“…A BLAST search (Altschul et al, 1997) at the NCBI website (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) with the COI sequence of G. albocinctus (LC010649) showed that it was 85% identical with those of Micrura dellechiajei (with 99% query coverage) and 'Dendrorhynchus sinensis' [the name should be Polydendrorhynchus zhanjiangensis: see Kajihara et al (2008) for nomenclatural discussion)] (Xu, unpublished, direct submission) (with 93% query coverage), suggesting a close phylogenetic relation between them. …”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A histology-free description of the branched-proboscis ribbonworm Gorgonorhynchus albocinctus sp. nov. (Nemertea: Heteronemertea)

Kajihara¹

2015

Publ. SMBL

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A new species of heteronemertean with branched proboscis, Gorgonorhynchus albocinctus sp. nov., is described based on the external feature and DNA sequences from a specimen collected subtidally among coral rubbles at a depth of about 6 m in a reef area around Taketomi Island in the Yaeyama Islands, southwestern Japan. It can be classified in the genus because the mode of proboscis branching is dichotomous, rather than alternating laterally. From the two known congeners G. repens Dakin andFordham, 1931 and G. bermudensis Wheeler, 1940, the new species can be differentiated by having a brown body colour with a white band near the tip of the head. The new species is placed in a molecular phylogenetic context with a maximum-likelihood analysis using the nuclear 18S rRNA and 28S RNA genes, as well as the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, together with 20 species of heteronemerteans, for which those sequences were available in the public databases. The results indicate that G. albocinctus is closely related to Cerebratulus leucopsis (Coe, 1901), a species that is supposed to have a non-branched proboscis.

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Checklist of Nemertean Genera and Species Published between 1995 and 2007

Cited by 109 publications

References 72 publications

From trochophore to pilidium and back again - a larva’s journey

From trochophore to pilidium and back again - a larva’s journey

DNA uncovers Antarctic nemertean biodiversity and exposes a decades-old cold case of asymmetric inventory

A histology-free description of the branched-proboscis ribbonworm Gorgonorhynchus albocinctus sp. nov. (Nemertea: Heteronemertea)

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