Check-list of vascular plant communities on ironstone ranges of south-eastern Brazil: dataset for conservation

Carmo, Flávio Fonseca do; Mota, Rubens Custódio da; Kamino, Luciana Hiromi Yoshino; Jacobi, Claudia Maria

doi:10.3897/bdj.6.e27032

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In our investigation of canga across different geographic regions in Brazil, we have underscored the fact that the combination of specialised substrate and broader patterns of biogeography result in considerable heterogeneity in biodiversity across canga sites in different parts of Brazil. Thus, conservation planning must take into account the pressing need for provision of protected area coverage for campos rupestres sites both in Amazonian Carajás and Eastern Brazil [59]. In the latter, it is necessary to distribute the reserves on quartzite and canga substrates in order to encompass not only species, but also lineages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plotting a future for Amazonian canga vegetation in a campo rupestre context

et al. 2019

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In order to establish effective conservation strategy, drivers of local and regional patterns of biodiversity need to be understood. The composition of local biodiversity is dependent on a number of factors including evolution and redistribution of lineages through dispersal and environmental heterogeneity. Brazilian canga is characterised by a ferrugineous substrate, found both in the Iron Quadrangle of Minas Gerais and in the Carajás mountains in Amazonia. Canga is one of several specialised habitat types comprising Brazilian campo rupestre , a montane vegetation found within or adjacent to several major Brazilian bioregions, including the Atlantic Forest and Amazonia, with exceptionally high levels of diversity and endemism arising from both history of dispersal and environmental variation. In order to inform biodiversity conservation for canga , and more broadly for campo rupestre , we performed floristic and phylogenetic analyses investigating affinities between 28 sites on different substrates ( canga and quartzite) and geographic locations (Carajás, Pará [Amazonia]; Cadeia do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais; Chapada Diamantina, Bahia). Through analysis of 11204 occurrences of 4705 species of angiosperms, we found that Amazonian Carajás canga plant communities formed a cohesive group, distinct from species assemblages found in Eastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Bahia), either on canga or quartzite. The phylogenetic megatree of species across all sites investigated shows associations between certain clades and Amazonian canga , with few shared species between the Amazonian Carajás and Eastern Brazil sites, while the floristic comparison shows high levels of heterogeneity between sites. The need for reserves for Amazonian Carajás canga has been recognized and addressed by the creation of a national park. However, current sampling does not provide sufficient reassurance that the canga areas now benefitting from full legal protection adequately represent the regional canga flora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plotting a future for Amazonian canga vegetation in a campo rupestre context

et al. 2019

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“…The study site encompasses an area dominated by two sclerophyllous and perennial shrubs, Mimosa calodendron and Lychnophora pinaster (Figure 1b), which are generally prevalent in ironstone outcrops at the Iron Quadrangle (Viana & Lombardi, 2007; Carmo et al, 2016; Carmo & Jacobi, 2016). Lychnophora pinaster is restricted to campo rupestre of Minas Gerais state (Loeuille, 2015), whereas Mimosa calodendron is restricted to ironstone outcrops at the Iron Quadrangle (Carmo et al, 2018). Adult individuals of Lychnophora pinaster sampled in this study had an average height of 56 ± 10 cm (mean ± SD , range 37–66 cm) and a crown area of 0.65 ± 0.5 m 2 (range 0.2–1.9), while those of Mimosa calodendron had an average height of 86 ± 14 cm (range 67–109 cm) and a crown area of 1.1 ± 0.6 m 2 (range 0.3–2.8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a plant community on ironstone outcrops, also known as canga) typically establishes on shallow, metals-rich substrates, and is subjected to high daily thermal variation and water shortage (Jacobi et al, 2007), which are much greater than in adjacent forests (Ferrari et al, 2016), and may exhibit temperatures close to 70°C immediately above patches of bare rock (Jacobi & Carmo, 2011). Despite these harsh abiotic conditions, ferruginous campo rupestre comprises at least 1,436 plant species in an area of 1,580 km 2 in southeast Brazil (Carmo et al, 2018). The large number of species that coexist in this harsh ecosystem poses the question whether a variety of microhabitats for K E Y W O R D S biodiversity hotspot, canga, microhabitat, niche segregation, plant-plant interaction, seedling growth, seedling survival, spatial heterogeneity, species richness | 3 of 14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does spatial micro‐environmental heterogeneity influence seedling recruitment in ironstone outcrops?

Dayrell

Fuzessy

Azevedo

et al. 2021

J Vegetation Science

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Questions: Environmental filters limit the set of potentially coexisting species in plant communities. Paradoxically, some of the world's most biodiverse communities are subjected to strong abiotic filters. We explored how environmental heterogeneity provides conditions for niche segregation in a harsh megadiverse ecosystem, focusing on fine-scale factors that drive seedling recruitment. Due to the environmental stress (mainly nutrient and water scarcity), we expected the prevalence of positive plant interactions over negative ones to contribute to species coexistence.Location: Ironstone outcrop (canga) at Serra da Calçada, southeast Brazil. Methods:We characterised microhabitats with one or neither of two dominant shrubs Mimosa calodendron (Fabaceae) and Lychnophora pinaster (Asteraceae), and assessed which micro-environmental attributes affect seedling survival, growth, and abundance, as well as adult richness in the ecosystem.Results: Spatial heterogeneity in the community was mostly driven by differences in substrate properties, and plots with Mimosa calodendron and Lychnophora pinaster exhibited different biotic and abiotic conditions from those lacking these species. Microhabitats under both shrubs had greater adult richness, and those occupied byMimosa calodendron had greater seedling abundance, suggesting positive effects of environmental conditions associated with these plants. Nevertheless, we identified two potential negative plant-plant interactions: larger crown area of the two dominant shrubs was associated with lower species richness, and greater understorey plant cover with lower seedling abundance. Over one year, 63% of the recorded seedlings survived, but measured attributes failed to predict survival. Seedling relative growth rates were species-specific and lower in microsites where the rocky substrate is fragmented. The most abundant seedling taxa occurred in association with specific microhabitats. Conclusions:Our study suggested that fine-scale spatial heterogeneity determines the outcome of plant-plant interactions in a stressful ecosystem. Micro-environmental heterogeneity allows for the spatial segregation of species recruitment, thereby broadening the range of viable strategies within a harsh megadiverse ecosystem.

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“…Recent studies of the flora and vegetation growing on canga in Brazil have provided insights into their richness and endemism (Jacobi et al 2007;Viana et al 2016;Carmo et al 2018;Mota et al 2018;Giulietti et al 2019;Zappi et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant species on Amazonian canga habitats of Serra Arqueada: the contribution of an isolated outcrop to the floristic knowledge of the Carajás region, Pará, Brazil

et al. 2020

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The Serra Arqueada, in the municipalities of Ourilândia do Norte and São Félix do Xingu, in southeastern Pará state, Brazil, has an extension of c. 50 km and reaches altitudes between 450 and 689 m above sea level. This range harbours outcrops of campo rupestre on canga, an iron-rich substrate, which were not studied in the Flora of the canga of the Serra de Carajás (FCC) project. We present here the first botanical survey of this site, with the main objective to document its plant diversity. We also aim to improve our knowledge of species distribution, biogeographical relationships and conservation of the canga within the Carajás Mineral Province. Our results indicate the occurrence of 153 angiosperm species representing 53 families. This study also reveals the occurrence of two species previously not reported for Pará: Scaphyglottis livida (Orchidaceae) and Rhynchospora exilis (Cyperaceae). We compare the floristic composition of canga areas from Serra Arqueada with similar sites from the Serra dos Carajás and find Serra Arqueada safeguards at least eight edaphic endemic species from the canga of the FCC region. Moreover, there is a high number of microhabitats in the area, which is probably related to the relative distinct and diverse flora. These data highlight the importance of conversation in the area, safeguarding these species and microhabitats. We conclude Serra Arqueada represents an appropriate site for conservation purposes. Keywords Amazonia • Campo rupestre • Conservation • Floresta Nacional de Carajás • Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos Resumo A Serra Arqueada, situada em Ourilândia do Norte e São Félix do Xingu, no sudeste do Pará, Brasil, possui uma extensão de c. 50 km e altitudes entre 450 e 689 m acima do nível do mar. Esta serra apresenta, nas suas porções mais altas, áreas de campo rupestre sobre canga, que não foram incluídas no projeto Flora das cangas das Serras dos Carajás (FCC). Apresentamos a primeira lista de angiospermas destes afloramentos, com o principal objetivo de documentar sua diversidade vegetal.

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Check-list of vascular plant communities on ironstone ranges of south-eastern Brazil: dataset for conservation

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Plotting a future for Amazonian canga vegetation in a campo rupestre context

Plotting a future for Amazonian canga vegetation in a campo rupestre context

How does spatial micro‐environmental heterogeneity influence seedling recruitment in ironstone outcrops?

Plant species on Amazonian canga habitats of Serra Arqueada: the contribution of an isolated outcrop to the floristic knowledge of the Carajás region, Pará, Brazil

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