Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae), a potentially toxic alga in the Salton Sea, California

Tiffany, Mary Ann; Barlow, Steven B.; Matey, Victoria E.; Hurlbert, Stuart H.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2934-5_17

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Physical clogging may lead to over-production of mucus or edema, which were observed in the gills of fish killed by exposure to Chattonella in both laboratory (Shimada et al, 1983;Ishimatsu et al, 1996b;Hishida et al, 1997;Nakamura et al, 1998) and field (Tiffany et al, 2001) conditions. Physical clogging leads to the impairment of oxygen transfer and hence fish kills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and erythrocytes of fish (Rhabdosarga sarba) upon exposure to Chattonella marina and hydrogen peroxide: Implications on the cause of fish kills

Woo

Liu

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Chattonella marina, a red tide or harmful algal bloom species, has caused mass fish kills and serious economic loss worldwide, and yet its toxic actions remain highly controversial. Previous studies have shown that this species is able to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and therefore postulated that ROS are the causative agents of fish kills. The present study investigates antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and erythrocytes of fish (Rhabdosarga sarba) upon exposure to C. marina, compared with responses exposed to equivalent and higher levels of ROS exposure.Even though C. marina can produce a high level of ROS, gills and erythrocytes of sea bream exposed to C. marina for 1 to 6 h showed neither significant induction of antioxidant enzymes nor lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant responses and oxidative damage did not occur as fish mortality began to occur, yet could be induced upon exposure to artificially supplied ROS levels an order of magnitude higher. The result of this study implies that ROS produced by C. marina is not the principal cause of fish kills.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical clogging leads to the impairment of oxygen transfer and hence fish kills. Unfortunately, the study of Tiffany et al, (2001) on tilapia did not have any control, nor was the cell density reported. Excessive mucus observed in their study may also be due to other factors (e.g., toxins) rather than physical clogging by C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and erythrocytes of fish (Rhabdosarga sarba) upon exposure to Chattonella marina and hydrogen peroxide: Implications on the cause of fish kills

Woo

Liu

et al. 2006

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…The raphidophycean flagellates, particularly Chattonella marina, have caused massive fish kills worldwide, including in Hong Kong, Japan, Canada and Australia (Hallegraeff et al, 1998;Tiffany et al, 2001;Landsberg, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen peroxide is not the cause of fish kills associated with Chattonella marina: Cytological and physiological evidence

Tang

Anderson

2005

Aquatic Toxicology

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Chattonella marina, a harmful algal bloom (HAB) causative species, was used to study the mortality, physiology, and pathology of a marine stenohaline fish, goldlined seabream exposed to the toxic alga. The median lethal time (LT 50 ) was 3 h upon exposure to 8000 cells/ml of C. marina. Significant induction of filamental chloride cells (CCs) [i.e. increases in CC fractional area and in the volume density of CCs], concomitant with significant reduction of blood osmolality, were found in C. marina treated fish. To verify whether the toxicity of C. marina was mediated through oxidative stress, a hydrogen peroxide exposure experiment was carried out and the toxicity as well as cytological and physiological changes were compared with the C. marina treatment. Hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 500 μM H 2 O 2 , (i.e. 25 times higher than that produced by 8000 cells/ml of C. marina (20 μM H 2 O 2 )) was unable to induce similar CC alterations and osmoregulatory impairment in fish as observed in the C. marina treatment. Non-specific membrane damage such as severe loss of microvilli projections on the CC apical opening and rupture of epithelial membranes in the lamellae were observed. The LT 50 was 6 h, two times longer than that with 8000 cells/ml of C. marina. Based on the cytological and physiological evidence and toxicity data, the mechanism by which C. marina kills fish appears to be very different from that caused by H 2 O 2 /ROS. Osmoregulatory distress is the major cause of fish death upon exposure to C. marina.

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“…Therefore, the effect of additional larvae carried offshore from the diked shorelines was marked in September but undetectable in December when B. amphitrite are 10-100-fold more abundant than in September in midlake waters ( Fig. 5E; Tiffany et al, 2001).…”

Section: Stimulation Of Potentially Toxic Phytoplanktonmentioning

confidence: 94%

Influence of river inflows on plankton distribution around the southern perimeter of the Salton Sea, California

et al. 2007

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Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae), a potentially toxic alga in the Salton Sea, California

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and erythrocytes of fish (Rhabdosarga sarba) upon exposure to Chattonella marina and hydrogen peroxide: Implications on the cause of fish kills

Antioxidant responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and erythrocytes of fish (Rhabdosarga sarba) upon exposure to Chattonella marina and hydrogen peroxide: Implications on the cause of fish kills

Hydrogen peroxide is not the cause of fish kills associated with Chattonella marina: Cytological and physiological evidence

Influence of river inflows on plankton distribution around the southern perimeter of the Salton Sea, California

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