Chassis Test Cycle Development for Heavy-Duty Engine Emissions Test Compliance

McKain, David L.; Clark, Nigel N.; McDaniel, T.; Hoppie, J.A.

doi:10.4271/980407

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Note that ahp and bhp (brake-hp) differ by the drive train efficiency and the burden of engine accessories, an approach detailed elsewhere. 14,15 Laboratory Setup Engine testing was conducted at the West Virginia University (WVU) Engine and Emissions Research Laboratory. The laboratory is equipped with a General Electric DC dynamometer capable of testing heavy-duty engines up to 550 hp and 3000 rpm.…”

Section: Present Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second graph also contains two curves, one representing the number of tests passing wrongly (errors of omission) and the other the number failing wrongly (errors of commission). The failure criterion for NO x was taken to be Chassis NO x (g/ahp-hr) ≥ k (Engine Certification NO x level in g/bhp-hr) (2) where k is a chosen coefficient. Figures 8 and 9, based on this description, were plotted using NO x emissions from both the Cummins and Navistar chassis testing.…”

Section: Pass/fail Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach is suited only to vehicles with manual transmissions. 2 We do not claim that this research will enable improved emissions inventory, but merely the potential for better understanding of emissions deterioration. Regrettably, since no chassis test emissions data were acquired for older fleet vehicles when they were new, an approach using only a chassis test would be precluded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Chassis Test Procedure to Mimic the Heavy-Duty Engine Transient Emissions Certification Test

Clark

McKain

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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In-use emissions from vehicles using heavy-duty diesel engines can be significantly higher than the levels obtained during engine certification. These higher levels may be caused by a combination of degradation of engine components, poor engine maintenance, degradation or failure of emissions after-treatment devices, and engine and emissions system tampering. A direct comparison of in-use vehicle emissions with engine certification levels, however, is not possible without removing an engine from the vehicle in order to perform engine dynamometer emissions testing. The goal of this research was to develop a chassis test procedure that mimics the engine performance, and as such the expected emissions levels, from the engine certification emissions test prescribed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations. Emissions measurements were taken from two engines during testing on an engine dynamometer using the transient heavy-duty Federal Test Procedure (FTP). Additionally, each engine was installed in an appropriate vehicle, and emissions measurements were taken using a chassis dynamometer while employing a vehicle driving schedule IMPLICATIONS At present, it is difficult to determine how engines degrade in real use because they are certified for emissions independently of the vehicle, and are seldom removed for retesting. This research has provided a methodology for testing a whole vehicle, with a single gear selected, in a fashion that causes the engine to follow the engine test certification procedure as closely as possible. The results show a strong correlation between engine-and chassismeasured results for NO x , so that engines with high NO x emissions can be identified without removing the engine from the vehicle if this approach is used. Deterioration of NO x emissions can therefore be quantified for a fleet. Data show that using this approach to quantify PM emission is less precise, and that the chassis-based approach may be limited to finding only "super-emitters" if applied to PM compliance.intended to match closely the instantaneous torque and speed schedule of the engine FTP.Engine and chassis testing was performed with the engines in stock (unmodified) condition as well as in several modes to simulate either tampered or poorly maintained conditions. The use of a chassis test as a predictive tool for determining whether an engine in a vehicle would pass the engine certification test has proven to be worthwhile. Analysis of the data shows that identification of chassis-mounted engines with NO x emissions above certification levels is possible by employing engine-specific correction factors. In the case of PM emissions, significant data scatter allowed only the identification of gross PM emitters. Engine tampering and poor maintenance can raise PM and NO x emissions, and these increases can be correctly identified by a chassis test. Analysis of chassis and engine CO and HC emissions did not reveal a strong enough correlation to warrant the use of the chassis test for emissions screening of these two po...

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Section: Present Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pass/fail Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Chassis Test Procedure to Mimic the Heavy-Duty Engine Transient Emissions Certification Test

Clark

McKain

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…The drive cycles suitable for trucks and buses for chassis dynamometer testing have been presented previously [20]. The data used in this analysis arose from E-55/59 chassis testing that was performed on the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and the Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck (HHDDT) drive schedule [8].…”

Section: Drive Cycles Used For the Chassis Dynamometer Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Data for 2003-2005 Model Year Trucks

Madireddy¹,

Clark²

2015

AJCC

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“…Even though manufacturers provide these factors, they do not account for the tampering and/or malfunction. Some effects of tampering have been described by McKain et al (1998).…”

Section: Methods Of Generating Emissions Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a heavy duty diesel vehicle emissions inventory prediction methodology

Gajendran¹

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Emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles are known to contribute a substantial fraction of the oxides of nitrogen (NO X), and particulate matter (PM) to the atmospheric inventory. Prediction of heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions inventory is substantially less mature than the prediction of gasoline vehicle emissions. Heavy-duty truck emissions are affected by various parameters like vehicle weight/load, driving schedule used, and injection timing control strategies employed to operate the engine at more fuel-efficient (but higher NO X) mode. Research has revealed a variety of options for inventory prediction, including the use of emissions factors based upon instantaneous engine power and instantaneous vehicle behavior. Effects of various parameters on the heavy-duty diesel emissions were studied in great detail and a speed-acceleration based emissions prediction approach was developed for heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions prediction. A suite of emissions factor tables was generated for emissions inventory prediction. Driving schedules, vehicle weight, and off-cycle injection strategy were found to affect emissions to varying extents. Detailed analyses of a large body of data enabled to quantitatively as well as qualitatively characterize effect of various parameters on heavy duty diesel vehicle emissions. A doubling of vehicle weight was found to result in roughly a 50% increase in NO X emissions. The accuracy was found to improve with the inclusion of a large number of data covering wide range of model year groups and driving schedules. Off-cycle operation was found to increase the NO X emissions by more than double. The speed-acceleration model predicted the emissions with reasonable accuracy. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people deserve a lot of thanks and credit for helping me complete this research and dissertation. First, I thank Nigel for giving me the opportunity to attend graduate school and for all the help and able guidance provided during the course of my stay here. He has always been an inspiration for me. I admire his sincerity and dedication in whatever he does. Next, I thank the rest of my committee, Mridul Gautam, Gregory Thompson, Scott Wayne and Shahab Mohaghegh for their help and the time they've devoted to this research.

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Chassis Test Cycle Development for Heavy-Duty Engine Emissions Test Compliance

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

A Chassis Test Procedure to Mimic the Heavy-Duty Engine Transient Emissions Certification Test

A Chassis Test Procedure to Mimic the Heavy-Duty Engine Transient Emissions Certification Test

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions Data for 2003-2005 Model Year Trucks

Development of a heavy duty diesel vehicle emissions inventory prediction methodology

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