CHASER: A global chemical model of the troposphere 1. Model description

Sudo, Kengo; Takahashi, Masaaki; Kurokawa, Junichi; Akimoto, Hajime

doi:10.1029/2001jd001113

Cited by 239 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The horizontal resolution of the ocean model is approximately 0.28125 • (lon) ×0.1875 • (lat). As a component of CMIP3, M3H has carried out historical simulations of the period 1850-2000, using observed natural and anthropogenic forcings (Nozawa et al, 2007): changes in total solar irradiance (Lean et al, 1995), volcanic aerosols (Sato et al, 1993), well-mixed greenhouse gases (Johns et al, 2003), tropospheric and stratospheric ozone (Randel and Wu, 1999;Sudo et al, 2002), surface emissions of anthropogenic carbonaceous aerosols (Nozawa and Kurokawa, 2006) and precursors of sulfate aerosols (Lefohn et al, 1999), and land use (Hirabayashi et al, 2005). The simulation results have been widely used to analyze global or regional climate change and to drive RCMs (Lucarini et al, 2007;Gao et al, 2012;Guo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a very-fine-resolution GCM with RCM dynamical downscaling in simulating climate in China

Guo

Wang

2016

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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Regional climate simulation can generally be improved by using an RCM nested within a coarser-resolution GCM. However, whether or not it can also be improved by the direct use of a state-of-the-art GCM with very fine resolution, close to that of an RCM, and, if so, which is the better approach, are open questions. These questions are important for understanding and using these two kinds of simulation approaches, but have not yet been investigated. Accordingly, the present reported work compared simulation results over China from a very-fine-resolution GCM (VFRGCM) and from RCM dynamical downscaling. The results showed that: (1) The VFRGCM reproduces the climatologies and trends of both air temperature and precipitation, as well as inter-monthly variations of air temperature in terms of spatial pattern and amount, closer to observations than the coarse-resolution version of the GCM. This is not the case, however, for the inter-monthly variations of precipitation. (2) The VFRGCM captures the climatology, trend, and inter-monthly variation of air temperature, as well as the trend in precipitation, more reasonably than the RCM dynamical downscaling method. (3) The RCM dynamical downscaling method performs better than the VFRGCM in terms of the climatology and inter-monthly variation of precipitation. Overall, the results suggest that VFRGCMs possess great potential with regard to their application in climate simulation in the future, and the RCM dynamical downscaling method is still dominant in terms of regional precipitation simulation.

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a very-fine-resolution GCM with RCM dynamical downscaling in simulating climate in China

Guo

Wang

2016

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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“…Chemistry-climate models, or composition-climate models (CCMs), represent the most complex models in this family (Figure 2a), where the chemically-driven changes in radiatively active gases and aerosols (e.g., ozone, methane, sulfates) influence the model's radiation scheme, thus coupling composition directly to climate (e.g., Sudo et al, 2002;Watanabe et al, 2011;Naik et al, 2013;Shindell et al, 2013;O'Connor et al, 2014). More routine use of CCMs with tropospheric chemistry and aerosols is a relatively recent phenomenon (see Morgenstern et al, 2017 and references therein for a recent review), whereas coupling of upper atmosphere chemistry to climate has a much longer history due to the increased importance of chemically active compounds for heating rates in the stratosphere and above (e.g., Pyle, 1980;Garcia and Solomon, 1994;de Grandpre et al, 1997;see Morgenstern et al, 2010 for a review).…”

Section: Atmospheric Chemistry In Global Climate Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Assessment of global-scale model performance for global and regional ozone distributions, variability, and trends

Young

Naik

Fiore

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

243

272

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The goal of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is to provide the research community with an up-to-date scientific assessment of tropospheric ozone, from the surface to the tropopause. While a suite of observations provides significant information on the spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone, observational gaps make it necessary to use global atmospheric chemistry models to synthesize our understanding of the processes and variables that control tropospheric ozone abundance and its variability. Models facilitate the interpretation of the observations and allow us to make projections of future tropospheric ozone and trace gas distributions for different anthropogenic or natural perturbations. This paper assesses the skill of current-generation global atmospheric chemistry models in simulating the observed present-day tropospheric ozone distribution, variability, and trends. Drawing upon the results of recent international multi-model intercomparisons and using a range of model evaluation techniques, we demonstrate that global chemistry models are broadly skillful in capturing the spatio-temporal variations of tropospheric ozone over the seasonal cycle, for extreme pollution episodes, and changes over interannual to decadal periods. However, models are consistently biased high in the northern hemisphere and biased low in the southern hemisphere, throughout the depth of the troposphere, and are unable to replicate particular metrics that define the longer term trends in tropospheric ozone as derived from some background sites. When the models compare unfavorably against observations, we discuss the potential causes of model biases and propose directions for future developments, including improved evaluations that may be able to better diagnose the root cause of the model-observation disparity. Overall, model results should be approached critically, including determining whether the model performance is acceptable for the problem being addressed, whether biases can be tolerated or corrected, whether the model is appropriately constituted, and whether there is a way to satisfactorily quantify the uncertainty.

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“…As for the lateral boundary conditions, monthly averaged data were obtained from the global chemical climate model Chemical AGCM for Study of Atmospheric Environment and Radiative Forcing (CHASER) (Sudo et al, 2002).…”

Section: Model System and Sensitivity Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of Chemical Transport Models for PM2.5 Chemical Composition Using Simultaneous Measurement Data over Japan

Morino

Nagashima

Sugata

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Evaluation of models for simulating temporal and spatial variations of PM 2.5 chemical composition in Japan has been limited by the lack of observational data. In this study, we used PM 2.5 chemical composition data measured simultaneously over several regions of Japan in winter, spring, and summer 2012 to evaluate three sensitivity simulations, one based on a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield model and two based on a volatility basis set (VBS) model. Concentrations of sulfate (SO 4 2-), nitrate (NO 3 -), and ammonium (NH 4 + ) were well reproduced by all the simulations in summer. However, in winter and spring, SO 4 2-concentrations were underestimated and NO 3 -concentrations were overestimated by the standard simulation. NO 3 -concentrations were better reproduced by a model with dry-deposition velocities of nitric acid and ammonia enhanced by a factor of 5, as was done in a previous study. Observed concentrations of elemental carbon and organic aerosol (OA) were higher at urban sites than at the surrounding remote sites, and this behavior was not adequately reproduced by models with a grid size of 15 km. Further refinements of emission inventories and models are necessary for better simulations of PM 2.5 chemical compositions. OA concentration was greatly underestimated by the simulation based on the SOA yield model over all the seasons but was better reproduced by the simulations based on the VBS model in spring and summer because aging reactions were considered in the VBS model-based simulations. The VBS model-based simulations reproduced the observations that primary OA predominated in winter and that the contribution of SOA was higher than that of primary OA in spring and summer. These contributions should be validated by means of observation-based source contributions of OA in future studies.

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CHASER: A global chemical model of the troposphere 1. Model description

Cited by 239 publications

References 70 publications

Comparison of a very-fine-resolution GCM with RCM dynamical downscaling in simulating climate in China

Comparison of a very-fine-resolution GCM with RCM dynamical downscaling in simulating climate in China

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Assessment of global-scale model performance for global and regional ozone distributions, variability, and trends

Verification of Chemical Transport Models for PM2.5 Chemical Composition Using Simultaneous Measurement Data over Japan

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