Charting the Globe: How Technologies Have Affected Our Understanding of Retinal Findings in Abusive Head Trauma/Shaken Baby Syndrome

Gjerde, Harald; Mantagos, Iason S.

doi:10.1080/08820538.2021.1890150

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Considering the "shaking" element in SBS, the main cause of retinal injuries in such cases is the indirect impact associated with the force being imposed on the patient. Oftentimes, the causal force is of acceleration−deceleration type, which is characterized by sudden and unrestricted movements that result in spatial and temporal compression of the target tissue (retina in this case) as a consequence of shear strains [52,53]. Traction is another term that can be used to describe the pulling-induced nature of these injuries.…”

Section: Biomechanics Of Retinal Hemorrhagementioning

confidence: 99%

An Update to Biomechanical and Biochemical Principles of Retinal Injury in Child Abuse

Shahraki,

Suh

2024

Children

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Abusive head trauma (AHT) is an extreme form of physical child abuse, a subset of which is shaken baby syndrome (SBS). While traumatic injury in children is most readily observed as marks of contusion on the body, AHT/SBS may result in internal injuries that can put the life of the child in danger. One pivotal sign associated with AHT/SBS that cannot be spotted with the naked eye is retinal injury (RI), an early sign of which is retinal hemorrhage (RH) in cases with rupture of the retinal vasculature. If not addressed, RI can lead to irreversible outcomes, such as visual loss. It is widely assumed that the major cause of RI is acceleration–deceleration forces that are repeatedly imposed on the patient during abusive shaking. Still, due to the controversial nature of this type of injury, few investigations have ever sought to delve into its biomechanical and/or biochemical features using realistic models. As such, our knowledge regarding AHT-/SBS-induced RI is significantly lacking. In this mini-review, we aim to provide an up-to-date account of the traumatology of AHT-/SBS-induced RI, as well as its biomechanical and biochemical features, while focusing on some of the experimental models that have been developed in recent years for studying retinal hemorrhage in the context of AHT/SBS.

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Section: Biomechanics Of Retinal Hemorrhagementioning

confidence: 99%

An Update to Biomechanical and Biochemical Principles of Retinal Injury in Child Abuse

Shahraki,

Suh

2024

Children

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“…Pediatric abusive head trauma, also known as nonaccidental traumatic brain injury (NAI) or shaken baby syndrome, can present with ocular findings, the most pathognomonic being multiple layered retinal hemorrhaging [ 166 ]. OCT was shown to identify vitreoretinal abnormalities, including posterior vitreous detachment, multilayered retinoschisis, foveal structure disruption, disinsertion of ILM, macular hole and perimacular folding [ 20 , 166 , 167 ]. These findings help the clinician identify the signs of retinal structural change and may guide subsequent surgical intervention.…”

Section: Oct and Octa Of Miscellaneous Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Pediatric Retinal Diseases

et al. 2023

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Indirect ophthalmoscopy and handheld retinal imaging are the most common and traditional modalities for the evaluation and documentation of the pediatric fundus, especially for pre-verbal children. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for in vivo visualization that resembles histology, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows for non-invasive depth-resolved imaging of the retinal vasculature. Both OCT and OCTA were extensively used and studied in adults, but not in children. The advent of prototype handheld OCT and OCTA have allowed for detailed imaging in younger infants and even neonates in the neonatal care intensive unit with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In this review, we discuss the use of OCTA and OCTA in various pediatric retinal diseases, including ROP, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), Coats disease and other less common diseases. For example, handheld portable OCT was shown to detect subclinical macular edema and incomplete foveal development in ROP, as well as subretinal exudation and fibrosis in Coats disease. Some challenges in the pediatric age group include the lack of a normative database and the difficulty in image registration for longitudinal comparison. We believe that technological improvements in the use of OCT and OCTA will improve our understanding and care of pediatric retina patients in the future.

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“…Eine Fotodokumentation mittels Weitwinkelkameras sollte, falls verfügbar, erfolgen [1,10,16]. Die optische Kohärenztomografie könnte zukünftig kombiniert mit einer Weitwinkelkamera einen diagnostischen Zugewinn bedeuten [21,22]. Neuere Arbeiten beschreiben die Rolle einer orbitalen, suszeptibilitätsgewichteten MRT-Bildgebung zum Nachweis retinaler Blutungen [23].…”

Section: Zeitpunkt Der Erstuntersuchung Art Der Durchführung Und Nach...unclassified

Stellungnahme zur augenärztlichen Untersuchung bei Verdacht auf ein Schütteltrauma-Syndrom (STS)

2023

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd

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Charting the Globe: How Technologies Have Affected Our Understanding of Retinal Findings in Abusive Head Trauma/Shaken Baby Syndrome

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

An Update to Biomechanical and Biochemical Principles of Retinal Injury in Child Abuse

An Update to Biomechanical and Biochemical Principles of Retinal Injury in Child Abuse

Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Pediatric Retinal Diseases

Stellungnahme zur augenärztlichen Untersuchung bei Verdacht auf ein Schütteltrauma-Syndrom (STS)

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