“…As such, the diamagnetic properties of myelin or calcifications can be distinguished from the paramagnetic properties of iron by QSM, in comparison to other methods such as R2*. While post-mortem studies have validated QSM as a proxy for iron ( Langkammer et al, 2012 ), with a correlation of r = 0.84 between QSM and chemically determined iron concentration in grey matter, it has to be acknowledged that other minerals [e.g., copper, manganese, and calcium, albeit contribution may be small ( Schenck and Zimmerman, 2004 ), presence of microbleeds, and myelin may contribute to the averaged QSM signal within a region of interest given their diamagnetic or paramagnetic properties ( Haacke et al, 2005 ; Sedlacik et al, 2007 ; Schweser et al, 2011 ; Lee et al, 2012 ; Stüber et al, 2014 ; Miletić et al, 2022 )]. Presence of diamagnetic elements causes R2* to overestimate iron content and QSM to underestimate it ( Haacke et al, 2005 ).…”