Charging of dust particles in comets and in interplanetary space

Notni, P.; Tiersch, H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-82971-0_136

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The fact that the electrostatic charging of a cometary grain can lead into its disruption was described for very first time byÖpik (1956) and it is widely presented in the literature (see, e.g., Hill & Mendis 1981;Boehnhardt & Fechtig 1987;Notni & Tiersch 1987;Mendis 1990). The electrostatic tension can be produced as follows.…”

Section: The Quantitative Description Of Grain Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The destruction of cometary grains and changes in the luminosity of comets

Gronkowski¹

2009

Astron Nachr

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One explanation of the sudden changes in the brightness of comets is proposed based on the author's earlier suggestions involving the fragmentation of cometary grains. Within the inner coma, a core-mantle model of the structure of grains is assumed. The proposed mechanism is a combination of electrostatic stress and thermodynamical fragmentation of the cometary grains water-ice mantle. It has been shown that the vapour pressure of volatile inclusions placed in the waterice mantle of grains can increase sufficiently to cause their fragmentation. It takes place before grains can completely sublime into the vacuum away. Numerical calculations have been carried out for a large range of values of probable physical characteristics of cometary material. The proposed approach yields increases in cometary brightness consistent with observations of typical cometary outbursts. It is concluded that this approach can provide an explanation of the sudden change in activity of comets for a wide range of heliocentric distances.

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Section: The Quantitative Description Of Grain Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…@atena.univ.rzeszow.pl most advanced approach to the physical base of this phenomenon is given in the following papers: (Wyatt 1969;Lafon et al 1981;Mukai 1981;Meyer-Vernet 1982;Flammer et al 1986;Boehnhardt & Fechtig 1987;Notni & Tiersch 1987, 1989. Therefore, only a short summary of these papers is presented below.…”

Section: The Electrostatic Destructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The destruction of cometary grains and changes in the luminosity of comets

Gronkowski¹

2009

Astron Nachr

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“…In most dusty plasmas we have (see, e.g., [S]) Zdd -1 and 7 < 1 , (4) so that the presence of the impurity particles can substantialy change the ion sound velocity. The appearance of terms containing Zdd in the numerator of the expression (3) is due to the quasineutrality condition (2).…”

Section: I?d = ( K / 4 7~n ~E~) '~~mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Acoustic Solitons in Impurity‐Containing Plasmas

Popel

1995

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

104

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Localized nonlinear ion acoustic waves are investigated for plasmas containing impurity ions or negatively charged dust particles. It is found that dark as well as the usual bright ion acoustic solitions can exist.The study of plasmas containing impurity ions or charged dust grains is important [l-71 for the understanding of many astrophysical phenomena, such as asteroids, planetary rings, cometary tails and interstellar clouds, as well as the Earth's space environment, such as the ionosphere, noctilucent clouds and auroras. It is also relevant to many laboratory and technological plasmas, such as low-temperature rf and dc glow discharges, rf plasma etching and the wall region fusion plasmas, as well as to the understanding of many modern materials, such as semi-conductors, optical fibers and dusty crystals. The dust particles in most plasmas of interest are of micron or submicron size, which is usually much less than the Debye length [8,9]. They can have Iarge mass and are negatively charged with large charge numbers (2, up to lo3). The grain charge can be due to field emission, ultraviolet irradiation, microscopic plasma currents, etc.Presence of massive impurity ions or charged dust particles in a plasma can significantly affect its dispersion and other linear and nonlinear properties [lo-171. In particular, they can result in the appearance of new normal modes, such as the dust-acoustic waves [12,14], which involve oscillations at such low frequencies that the electrons and ions remain in local equilibrium and the wave dynamics is mainly due to the motion of the heavy dust particles. Recently, the nonlinear evolution of the dust acoustic waves [12] and the formation of ion Langmuir envelope solitons [lv], in which the low-frequency component is the dust acoustic mode and the high-frequency carrier is the short wavelength ion acoustic (ion Langmuir) wave, have been investigated. On the other hand, the effect of negatively charged impurity particles on the nonlinear evolution of the ordinary ion acoustic waves has not been studied. In many laboratory and industrial plasmas, the ion acoustic mode is more relevant than the dust acoustic mode, since the latter involves a time scale which is much larger than the existence time of the plasma.We shall study the nonlinear behavior of ion acoustic waves for plasmas containing negatively charged impurity ions or constant-charge dust particles. In particular, we consider the existence and propagation of ion acoustic solitions. First, the governing equations are derived without approximation in the quasistationary frame moving with the wave structure and the Sagdeev potential analyzed for the existence of localized potential structures. In ')

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“…When -p = 0, solution of (4) leads to the equilibrium potential 0 eq -A recent calculation (Notni and Tiersch, 1987) of the variation of 0^, for three different types of grains (silicate, graphite, and aluminium) for different plasma compositions (pure H+ and pure H 2 0 + ), plasma temperatures, and densities is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Consequences Of Grain Chargingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equilibrium potentials of grains of different compositions in dense and low density (H + and H 2 0 + ) plasmas as a function of the plasma temperature. The grains are assumed to be stationary with respect to the plasma (from Notni and Tiersch, 1987).…”

Section: » 'mentioning

confidence: 99%