Charging Efficiency of the Electrical Low Pressure Impactor's Corona Charger: Influence of the Fractal Morphology of Nanoparticle Aggregates and Uncertainty Analysis of Experimental Results

Ouf, F. X.; Sillon, Philippe

doi:10.1080/02786820902878245

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The slope of the linear regression and its associated uncertainty were calculated taking into account the uncertainty associated with each experimental pair (m S , Z). Further details are available in Ouf and Sillon [26]. Table 2 shows the experimental cake porosities obtained with miniCAST and Palas GFG 1000 generators (experimental results are also available in Appendix C).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pressure drop model for nanostructured deposits

Thomas

Ouf

Gensdarmes

et al. 2014

Separation and Purification Technology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pressure drop model for nanostructured deposits

Thomas

Ouf

Gensdarmes

et al. 2014

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…Thus, only particles with a narrow range of electrostatic force to drag ratios or mobility diameters follow the correct trajectory and pass through the DMA (Stolzenburg 1988). However an aerosol's charge distribution can vary with particle morphology, size, and composition Ouf and Sillon 2009;Gopalakrishnan et al 2013Gopalakrishnan et al , 2015 affecting the accuracy of size distributions measured by electrostatic classifiers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring aerosol size distributions with the aerodynamic aerosol classifier

Johnson

Irwin

Symonds

et al. 2018

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The Aerodynamic Aerosol Classifier (AAC) is a novel instrument that selects aerosol particles based on their relaxation time or aerodynamic diameter. Additional theory and characterization is required to allow the AAC to accurately measure an aerosol's aerodynamic size distribution by stepping while connected to a particle counter (such as a Condensation Particle Counter, CPC). To achieve this goal, this study characterized the AAC transfer function (from 32 nm to 3 mm) using tandem AACs and comparing the experimental results to the theoretical tandem deconvolution. These results show that the AAC transmission efficiency is 2.6-5.1 times higher than a combined Krypton-85 radioactive neutralizer and Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA), as the AAC classifies particles independent of their charge state. However, the AAC transfer function is 1.3-1.9 times broader than predicted by theory. Using this characterized transfer function, the theory to measure an aerosol's aerodynamic size distribution using an AAC and particle counter was developed. The transfer function characterization and stepping deconvolution were validated by comparing the size distribution measured with an AAC-CPC system against parallel measurements taken with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), CPC, and Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). The effects of changing AAC classifier conditions on the particle selected were also investigated and found to be small (<1.5%) within its operating range.

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“…The exponent depends on the instrument characteristics but also on other parameters. For example, fractal particles acquire more charge than compact particles of the same mobility [55], and 10–30% higher charge can be measured for 100 nm particles. If particles are already charged with the same polarity of the charger, the final charging level can be up to 30% higher [56].…”

Section: Spn-pems Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the European Legislation: A Review

Giechaskiel

Bonnel

Perujo

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) for gaseous pollutants were firstly introduced in the United States regulation to check the in-use compliance of heavy-duty engines, avoiding the high costs of removing the engine and testing it on a dynamometer in the laboratory. In Europe, the in-service conformity of heavy-duty engines has been checked with PEMS for gaseous pollutants since 2014. To strengthen emissions regulations with a view to minimise the differences between on-road and laboratory emission levels in some cases, PEMS testing, including solid particle number (SPN), was introduced for the type-approval of light-duty vehicles in Europe in 2017 and for in-service conformity in 2019. SPN-PEMS for heavy-duty engines will be introduced in 2021. This paper gives an overview of the studies for SPN-PEMS from early 2013 with the first prototypes until the latest testing and improvements in 2019. The first prototype diffusion charger (DC) based systems had high differences from the reference laboratory systems at the first light-duty vehicles campaign. Tightening of the technical requirements and improvements from the instrument manufacturers resulted in differences of around 50%. Similar differences were found in an inter-laboratory comparison exercise with the best performing DC- and CPC- (condensation particle counter) based system. The heavy-duty evaluation phase at a single lab and later at various European laboratories revealed higher differences due to the small size of the urea generated particles and their high charge at elevated temperatures. This issue, along with robustness at low ambient temperatures, was addressed by the instrument manufacturers bringing the measurement uncertainty to the 50% levels. This measurement uncertainty needs to be considered at the on-road emission results measured with PEMS.

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Charging Efficiency of the Electrical Low Pressure Impactor's Corona Charger: Influence of the Fractal Morphology of Nanoparticle Aggregates and Uncertainty Analysis of Experimental Results

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Pressure drop model for nanostructured deposits

Pressure drop model for nanostructured deposits

Measuring aerosol size distributions with the aerodynamic aerosol classifier

Solid Particle Number (SPN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) in the European Legislation: A Review

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