Charging Current Limitations in Operation or High-Voltage Cable Lines [includes discussion]

Schifreen, C. S.; Marble, W. C.

doi:10.1109/aieepas.1956.4499370

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…• Additional system services The power system will be strengthened due to the connection of the two subsystems. To be noted, in case of AC interconnection through long high voltage cables, the charging current limits the power transfer capability [72].…”

Section: Ac Interconnectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric power system inertia: requirements, challenges and solutions

2018

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Section: Ac Interconnectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric power system inertia: requirements, challenges and solutions

2018

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“…at 70°C temperature for all operating regimes; DC receiving-end voltage has always been set at 1 pu, i.e. ±320 kV, as implied by (4). Fig.…”

Section: Transmission Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the last few years, VSC‐HVDC was preferred for the connection of new long‐distance OWFs, following the opinion that the break‐even distance for such power links was about 80 km [2, 3]. Such conviction was due to the constraints on HVAC cable line (CL) length brought by the hydraulic circuit of then‐standard self contained fluid‐filled cables, which were the state‐of‐the‐art of extra HVAC (EHVAC) cables before the introduction of EHV cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation in the 1990's, as well as by the intrinsic length limit of any AC CL due to its own reactive power surplus [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very long distance connection of gigawatt‐size offshore wind farms: extra high‐voltage AC versus high‐voltage DC cost comparison

Lauria

Schembari

Palone

et al. 2016

IET Renewable Power Generation

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This study presents a cost comparison between commercially available high-voltage DC (HVDC) and extra highvoltage AC shore connection (±320 kV voltage source converter and 420 kV-50 Hz single-core and three-core cables), for a 1 GW offshore wind farm cluster, considering transmission distances up to 400 km. The HVDC system is a point-to-point connection whereas multiple AC intermediate compensating stations are envisaged for AC when needed. Capital costs are evaluated from recently awarded contracts, operating costs include energy losses and missed revenues due to transmission system unavailability, both estimated using North Sea wind production curves. Optimal AC intermediate compensation, if any, and reactive profiles are also taken into account. Resultsshow that HVDC has lower transmission losses at distances in excess of 130 km; however, due to the combined effect of lower AC capital cost and unavailability, using three-core aluminium cables can be more convenient up to 360 km distance.

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“…Due to the uneven loading of the CL, the maximum active power transmission decreases with respect to the limit calculated with (1) for the highest of the two terminal voltages. Steady-state CL operating envelopes can be obtained by enforcing the ampacity constraint on the current (at either end of the CL) in the single-phase transmission line equations [3], obtaining a number of capability curves, f.i. the lensshaped sectors in (P,Q) plane of [6][7].…”

Section: B Lossless Analysis -Non-optimal Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady-state operation of very long EHV AC cable lines

Colla

Gatta

Geri

et al. 2009

2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech

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Technical improvements in the construction of EHV cables have made possible the installation of very long EHV AC cable lines; with a sufficient degree of voltage control such lines can retain a large part of their theoretical power transmission capability. Quick, accurate expressions for the evaluation of cable length-loading relationships are given to that purpose. Appropriate choice of shunt compensation by standard, fixed-type shunt reactors, aimed at solving most steady-state constraints on the operation of very long EHV cable lines as well as temporary overvoltages, is discussed. Analysis of the operating envelopes of very long EHV AC cable lines shows that line losses play a very limited role. A simple criterion for optimal utilization of real, lossy cable lines is also proposed.

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Charging Current Limitations in Operation or High-Voltage Cable Lines [includes discussion]

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Electric power system inertia: requirements, challenges and solutions

Electric power system inertia: requirements, challenges and solutions

Very long distance connection of gigawatt‐size offshore wind farms: extra high‐voltage AC versus high‐voltage DC cost comparison

Steady-state operation of very long EHV AC cable lines

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