Charged pullulan derivatives for the development of nanocarriers by polyelectrolyte complexation

Chitosan/sulfated locust bean gum nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo evaluation towards an application in oral immunization

“…However, on reaching −/+ charge ratios of 0.98, 1.06 and 1.21 precipitation occurred (CS/LBGS nanoparticles 1:3.25 to 1:4; w/w). Although this behavior was unexpected, it has been reported in other works regarding polysaccharide nanoparticles produced by the same methodology [32][33][34][35][36].…”

Synthesis and characterization of Locust Bean Gum derivatives and their application in the production of nanoparticles

“…The most remarkable observation in the whole set of cell viability assessment is that, in spite of the strong decrease in cell viability induced by the contact with LBGA, this effect was completely reverted when the cells were exposed to a nanoparticulate form of the derivative. This was also observed in works using an ammonium derivative of pullulan, in which the derivative elicited around 40% cell viability upon 24 h of exposure, while nanoparticles produced with the polymer registered increased cell viabilities to values of 70% -80% (Dionísio, Braz, Corvo, Lourenço, Grenha & da Costa;Dionísio, Cordeiro, Remuñán-López, Seijo, Rosa da Costa & Grenha, 2013). The different impact on cell viability generated by LBGA in form of polymer and of nanoparticles is possibly explained by a differential contact of each of the materials with the cells.…”

“…Comparing to LBGA, a very similar toxicological profile was observed for an ammonium derivative of another polysaccharide, pullulan, which was synthesized using the same methodology (Dionísio, Braz, Corvo, Lourenço, Grenha & da Costa, 2016;Dionísio, Cordeiro, Remuñán-López, Seijo, Rosa da Costa & Grenha, 2013). In that case, the assessment was performed in Calu-3 cells (bronchial cell line) and cell viabilities around 50-60% were observed after 3 h, decreasing to 40% at 24 h. Although a time-dependent effect is also clearly observed, the effect on cell viability is not as strong as for LBGA.…”

“…Proposing materials for drug delivery applications requires testing the developed carriers and not only assume the apparent absence of cytotoxicity of the polymers. In this regard, it is consensual that carriers exhibit new and unique properties, thus generating potential different risks as compared to the raw materials of the same chemistry (Aillon, Xie, El-Gendy, Berkland & Forrest, 2009), as observed in other works (Dionísio, Braz, Corvo, Lourenço, Grenha & da Costa, 2016;Dionísio, Cordeiro, Remuñán-López, Seijo, Rosa da Costa & Grenha, 2013). In this regard, in addition to the evaluation of the polymer and the synthesized derivatives, a preliminary evaluation of LBG-based nanoparticles was further performed using the MTT assay.…”

“…The difference mainly resided in the processing of LBG prior to the addition of SO3DMF. For the introduction of trimethylammonium groups in LBG, GTMAC was used as alkylating agent, which proved to be efficient in the alkylation of other polysaccharides (Dionísio, Braz, Corvo, Lourenço, Grenha & da Costa, 2016;Qin et al, 2004;Rekha & Sharma, 2009;Simkovic, Yadav, Zalibera & Hicks, 2009).…”