Charged Hadron Identification with dE/dx and Time-of-Flight at Future Higgs Factories

Abstract

The design of detector concepts has been driven for a long time by requirements on transverse momentum, impact parameter and jet energy resolutions, as well as hermeticity. Only rather recently it has been realised that the ability to idenfity different types of charged hadrons, in particular kaons and protons, could have important applications at Higgs factories like the International Linear Collider (ILC), ranging from improvements in tracking, vertexing and flavour tagging to measurements requiring strangeness-tagging. While detector concepts with gaseous tracking, like a time projection chamber (TPC), can exploit the specific energy loss, all-silicon-based detectors have to rely on fast timing layers in front of or in the first layers of their electromagnetic calorimeters (ECals). This work will review the different options for realising particle identification (PID) for pions, kaons and protons, introduce recently developed reconstruction algorithms and present full detector simulation prospects for physics applications using the example of the International Large Detector (ILD) concept.

Charged Hadron Identification with dE/dx and Time-of-Flight at Future Higgs Factories

“…with µ i and σ i being the mean and width of the band of particle i. This separation power and a combination in quadrature with the one from dE/dx [4] are shown in Figure 3.…”

“…FigureCombined TOF and dE/dx separation power for pion/kaon and kaon/proton separation. For details on dE/dx see[4]. The curves are only to guide the eye.…”

The International Linear Collider (Report to Snowmass 2021)

“…New developments in correcting for missing energy from neutrinos in semi-leptonic heavy quark decays and kinematic fitting show striking improvements on the di-jet mass reconstruction [481]. Further improvements on the jet clustering and on the flavor tag are being expected from deep learning approaches [482] as well as from a full exploitation of the charged hadron identification capabilities of ILD [483]. Propagation of all of these improvements of the high-level reconstruction to the full double Higgs-strahlung analysis carries the potential to bring the ILC500 sensitivity to better than 20%.…”

Charged Hadron Identification with dE/dx and Time-of-Flight at Future Higgs Factories

“…ILD is designed for particle flow [3] and has an asymptotic momentum resolution of 2 • 10 −5 GeV −1 and a jet energy resolution of better than 3.5 % above 100 GeV. This work concentrates on the PID capabilities of ILD via measurement of the time-of-flight (TOF) in the ECal in full-detector simulation [2], while PID via measurement of the specific energy loss dE/dx in the TPC has been discussed separately [4]. This work makes use of a large MC production in 2018 [5], which generated, simulated and reconstructed about 500 fb −1 of ILC integrated luminosity.…”

“…with µ i and σ i being the mean and width of the band of particle i, respectively. This separation power can be calculated and combined with the one from dE/dx [4] in quadrature, which is shown in Figure 3.…”