Charged cluster model in the low pressure synthesis of diamond

Hwang, Nong M.; Hahn, Junhee; Yoon, Duk Yong

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(95)00943-4

Cited by 126 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…One is that ions are formed first by surface ionization in the reactor and nanoparticles are formed in the gas phase by ion-induced nucleation, which is the case of formation of charged nanoparticles in hot filament CVD (Hwang et al 1996;Hwang et al 2000;Hwang & Kim 2004;Kim et al 2006) or plasma CVD (Girshick et al 1996;Haaland et al 1996;Bleecker et al 2004). The temperature of the reactor is so low that the formation of ions would be negligible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Kim et al (2007) showed that the charged nanoparticles were generated during the syntheses of silicon films, ZnO nanowires and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by thermal CVD by measuring the size distribution using a differential mobility analyzer (DMA). These measurements were done based on the previous study of Hwang et al (Hwang et al 1996;Hwang et al 2000;Hwang & Kim 2004;Huh et al 2005;Song et al 2007), who suggested that these charged nanoparticles should be a main flux for the growth of films, nanowires, and nanotubes. The generation of charged nanoparticles in the gas phase was experimentally confirmed in various CVD processes (Cheong et al 1999;Jeon et al 1999;Jeon et al 2000;Jeon et al 2001;Ahn et al 2002;Kim et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generation of Charged Nanoparticles during Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires by Carbothermal Reduction

Kim

Chung

Youn

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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We measured the size distribution of positively and negatively charged nanoparticles generated abundantly in the gas phase during the syntheses of ZnO nanowires by a carbothermal reduction process using a differential mobility analyzer. Under the conditions where these charged nanoparticles were not generated, no nanowires could be grown. The evolution of ZnO nanostructures on the substrate was studied with in-situ measurements of the size distribution of charged nanoparticles with varying reactor temperature and oxygen flow rate. The results suggest that the electrostatic energy arising from charged nanoparticles would play a critical role in the growth of ZnO nanowires.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Charged Nanoparticles during Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires by Carbothermal Reduction

Kim

Chung

Youn

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considerable experimental and theoretical works have been carried out and a great number of achievements have been realized in various industrial areas such as NEMS/MEMS, biology [1,2]. Especially with the funding and researchers on nanotechnology-related research and development significantly increasing, widespread application of nano-processes has occurred over last 10 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A seamless coupling between molecular dynamics and material point method

Chen

Hagiwara

2011

Japan J. Indust. Appl. Math.

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Nano-processes are gradually becoming more important than ever to realize the nano-metric cutting or nano-material formation. Although FEM and molecular dynamics (MD) are popular two analytical methods, they have their own limitations as used for nanoprocess simulation such as immense calculation time cost of MD, inappropriate governing equations of FE. To compensate the drawbacks of both methods and meet the demands on nanotechnology, multi-scale modeling approach is anticipated to provide a powerful analytical tool assuring materials simulation across length/time scale. In this paper one novel multi-scale simulation method combining the material point method (MPM) and MD by handshaking approach is proposed for nanoprocesses, i.e. nano-metric cutting and thin film formation. Quantitative assessment items: adhesion/cutting force, flatness and densification coefficient, etc. are provided to avoid drawbacks of current qualitative manner. Finally, various simulations are conducted to validate the efficiency of proposed multi-scale simulation approach and clarify the mechanism of nano-processes.

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“…Based on experimental and theoretical analyses of CVD diamond films, Hwang et al [1][2][3] suggested the charge cluster model (CCM), where the diamond films grow not by the atomic unit but by the cluster unit. In the model, nanometersized charged clusters form spontaneously in the gas phase and become the major flux for film growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the substrate temperatures on the epitaxial rearrangement of the deposited Au nanoclusters

Lee

Hwang

et al. 2002

Met. Mater. Int.

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As the existence of charged clusters in the gas phase, which were predicted by the charged cluster model, has been confirmed for many thin film processes, it becomes important to understand the deposition dynamics of the clusters. In this study, deposition behaviors of the cluster of 1985 Au atoms on the (100) gold surface were studied at the deposition temperatures of 300, 700 and 1000 K by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using the embedded atom method (EAM) potential. After 320 picoseconds of cluster landing on the surface at 300 and 700 K, only a part of the cluster rearranged into the epitaxial orientation with the substrate with the rest of the cluster making a grain boundary at 300 K and a twin at 700 K. At 1000 K, however, the cluster fully underwent epitaxial recrystallization. These results imply that the high rate of epitaxial deposition by clusters of a few nanometers is possible as long as the substrate temperature is sufficiently high as was previously suggested in the charged cluster model.

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Charged cluster model in the low pressure synthesis of diamond

Cited by 126 publications

References 41 publications

Generation of Charged Nanoparticles during Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires by Carbothermal Reduction

Generation of Charged Nanoparticles during Synthesis of ZnO Nanowires by Carbothermal Reduction

A seamless coupling between molecular dynamics and material point method

Effect of the substrate temperatures on the epitaxial rearrangement of the deposited Au nanoclusters

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