Charge-transfer complexes of the viologens: effects of complexation and the rate of electron transfer to methyl viologen

Monk, Paul; Hodgkinson, Neil M.

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(97)00091-1

Cited by 64 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This inkling aligns with findings presented above, indicating both thermodynamic and kinetic factors of ion pairing equilibria could be responsible for the disparity of redox behaviour of 1a(PF 6 ) 2 and 1a(OTf) 2 and their reduction products [86,87].…”

Section: Bisbithiopheneviologenssupporting

confidence: 90%

Spectroelectrochemistry of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4′- and 2,2′-bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene

Zassowski

Golba

Skórka

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

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of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4 -and 2,2 -bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene, Electrochimica Acta http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.electacta.2017.01.076 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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Section: Bisbithiopheneviologenssupporting

confidence: 90%

Spectroelectrochemistry of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4′- and 2,2′-bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene

Zassowski

Golba

Skórka

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

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“…[25][26][27] The interaction of the protonated N atom of BIZ with Cl -seems to be so strong that a CT occurs between the chloride and BIZ in acidic conditions. 28 When the H2SO4 or HNO3 solution was used instead of HCl, the SERS spectrum was not enhanced. But the SERS spectrum of the BIZ added to the H2SO4 and KCl solution was similar to Figure 5 spectra), which is assigned to the stretching mode of C-H, further supports the adsorption orientation as shown in Figure 6b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Benzimidazolic Fungicides: Benzimidazole and Thiabendazole

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2009

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is applied to the study of the adsorption of benzoimidazolic fungicides benzimidazole (BIZ) and thiabendazole (TBZ) on silver mirrors. The influence of pH on the adsorption mechanism was investigated. In case of BIZ, two different adsorption mechanisms are deduced depending on the experimental conditions: via the π electrons of the ring in neutral conditions and through an ionic pairing of protonated nitrogen atom with the chloride adsorbed on the metal surface. The SERS spectra of TBZ revealed that most molecules were adsorbed on silver surface by the π electrons in neutral and acidic conditions but in acid conditions, some molecules were adsorbed via the sulfur and nitrogen atoms tilted slightly to the surface.

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“…This result is significant when taking into account that the experimental error related to the maximum wavelength is estimated to be AE 1 nm. Since electrochemical studies for TiO 2 ·5 show that following the first reduction of V 1 2 + the crown ether is still located on V 1 C + , it is proposed that the photoexcited charge resides mainly on donor C over SEC experiments, as postulated by Monk and Hodgkinson, [83] resulting in subtle differences in the SEC spectra of rotaxane TiO 2 ·5 and axle TiO 2 ·6 in our opinion. Therefore, it is possible that a small bathochromic shift of 12 nm can be regarded as due to CT between V 1 and C. However, due to similarities in the absorption spectra of TiO 2 ·5 and TiO 2 ·6, it cannot be excluded that the observed shift of band B in TiO 2 ·5 could also be regarded as due to positive solvatochromism of the medium surrounding V 1 C + when it is complexed with C. [84] Indeed, Verhoeven et al explained that, in the case of complexes between 4-cyanopyridinium and neutral aromatic organic donors, the position of the CT band depends on the donor concentration, which modifies the polarity of the medium.…”

Section: Wwwchemphyschemorgmentioning

confidence: 72%

Electron Transfer and Switching in Rigid [2]Rotaxanes Adsorbed on TiO₂ Nanoparticles

et al. 2012

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Bistable [2]rotaxanes have been attached through a bulky tripodal linker to the surface of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and studied by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemical methods. The axle component in the [2]rotaxane contains two viologen sites, V(1) and V(2), interconnected by a rigid terphenylene bridge. In their parent dication states, V(1)(2+) and V(2)(2+) can both accommodate a crown ether ring, C, but are not equivalent in terms of their affinity towards C and have different electrochemical reduction potentials. The geometry and size of the tripodal linker help to maintain a perpendicular [2]rotaxane orientation at the surface and to avoid unwanted side-to-side interactions. When the rigid [2]rotaxane or its corresponding axle are adsorbed on a TiO(2) nanoparticle, viologen V(2)(2+) is reduced at significantly more negative potentials (-0.3 V) than in flexible analogues that contain aliphatic bridges between V(1) and V(2). These overpotentials are analysed in terms of electron-transfer rates and a donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) formalism, in which D is the doubly reduced viologen, V(1)(0), adjacent to the TiO(2) surface (TiO(2)-V(1)(0)), B is the terphenylene bridge and A is viologen V(2)(2+). We have also found that, in contrast with earlier findings in solution, no molecular shuttling occurs in rigid [2]rotaxane adsorbed at the surface. The observations were explained by the relative position of the viologen stations within the electrical double layer, screening of V(2)(2+) by the counterions and high capacity of the medium, which reduces the mobility of the crown ether. The results are useful in transposing of solution-based molecular switches to the interface or in the design and understanding of the properties of systems comprising electroactive and/or interlocked molecules adsorbed at the nanostructured TiO(2) surface.

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Charge-transfer complexes of the viologens: effects of complexation and the rate of electron transfer to methyl viologen

Cited by 64 publications

References 24 publications

Spectroelectrochemistry of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4′- and 2,2′-bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene

Spectroelectrochemistry of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4′- and 2,2′-bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene

Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Benzimidazolic Fungicides: Benzimidazole and Thiabendazole

Electron Transfer and Switching in Rigid [2]Rotaxanes Adsorbed on TiO₂ Nanoparticles

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Charge-transfer complexes of the viologens: effects of complexation and the rate of electron transfer to methyl viologen

Cited by 64 publications

References 24 publications

Spectroelectrochemistry of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4′- and 2,2′-bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene

Spectroelectrochemistry of alternating ambipolar copolymers of 4,4′- and 2,2′-bipyridine isomers and quaterthiophene

Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Benzimidazolic Fungicides: Benzimidazole and Thiabendazole

Electron Transfer and Switching in Rigid [2]Rotaxanes Adsorbed on TiO2 Nanoparticles

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Product

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Electron Transfer and Switching in Rigid [2]Rotaxanes Adsorbed on TiO₂ Nanoparticles