Charge states of relativistic heavy ions in matter

Scheidenberger, C.; Stöhlker, Th.; Meyerhof, W. E.; Geißel, H.; Mokler, P. H.; Blank, Β.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(98)00244-4

Cited by 189 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Charge state calculations with the GLOBAL code [18] show that when exiting the Be/Nb target approximately 94% of the fragmentation products of interest were fully ionized (i.e., q = Z, also referred to as "fully stripped") and that the remaining 6% had one electron bound to the nucleus (q = Z − 1, referred to as being in a "H-like" charge state). Following energy losses at the midfocal plane, 77% of the beam was fully stripped of electrons, 22% was in a H-like state, and 1% was in a He-like state (q = Z − 2).…”

Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Isomeric states observed in heavy neutron-rich nuclei populated in the fragmentation of a208Pb beam

et al. 2011

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Heavy neutron-rich nuclei were populated via the fragmentation of a E/A = 1 GeV 208 82 Pb beam. Secondary fragments were separated and identified and subsequently implanted in a passive stopper. By the detection of delayed γ rays, isomeric decays associated with these nuclei have been identified. A total of 49 isomers were detected, with the majority of them observed for the first time. The newly discovered isomers are in 204,205 80 Hg, 201,202,204,205 79 Au, 197,203,204 78 Pt, 195,[199][200][201][202][203] 193,[197][198][199] 196 75 Re, 190,191 74 W, and 189 73 Ta. Possible level schemes are constructed and the structure of the nuclei discussed. To aid the interpretation, shell-model as well as BCS calculations were performed.

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Section: Experimental Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Isomeric states observed in heavy neutron-rich nuclei populated in the fragmentation of a208Pb beam

et al. 2011

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“…The typical value of the ambiguity in the calibration of the beam-intensity monitor was about ±5%. According to the charge-state distribution of the reaction products at 500 MeV/u evaluated by CHARGE code [6], the contributions of 56 Co, which were not fully stripped, were at most 0.04%, and negligible compared with other ambiguities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inelastic process observed in charge-exchange reactions of⁵⁶Fe at 500 MeV/u

Momota

Yamaguchi

Suzuki

et al. 2014

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The inelastic (IE) component of the reaction product, which is produced through charge-exchange reactions at relativistic energies of E ~ 1 GeV/u, is one of the hopeful probes used to study the nuclear medium effect on Δ excitation. In the present study, the longitudinal-momentum (P L ) distribution of 56 Co, produced by bombarding Cand CH 2 -target with a primary beam of 56 Fe at E=500 MeV/u, was observed by means of the spectrometer at HIMAC facility. The IE peak of 56 Co, produced from H and C targets, was successfully observed in energy transfer spectrum. The behaviors of the IE peaks are consistent with those observed in previous experiments. A remarkable reduction of the energy transfer for the IE process was also observed with C target compared with H target. The present results have shown the feasibility to investigate the energy transfer in chargeexchange reactions for heavy reaction system at the energy down to 500 MeV/u.

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“…The reaction products from projectile fragmentation of 58 Ni emerged from the target at relativistic energies and mostly as bare nuclei. The charge-state distributions can be estimated with a specialized CHARGE code [31]. For instance, the calculated fraction of fully-ionized atoms for Co is 99.92%.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of the Lowest T=2 , Jπ=0+ Isobaric Analog State in
Xu¹,
Zhang²,
Peng³
et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. Lett.
38
0
7
0
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Masses of 52g,52m Co were measured for the first time with an accuracy of ∼ 10 keV, an unprecedented precision reached for short-lived nuclei in the isochronous mass spectrometry. Combining our results with the previous β -γ measurements of 52 Ni, the T = 2, J π = 0 + isobaric analog state (IAS) in 52 Co was newly assigned, questioning the conventional identification of IASs from the β -delayed proton emissions. Using our energy of the IAS in 52 Co, the masses of the T = 2 multiplet fit well into the Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation.We find that the IAS in 52 Co decays predominantly via γ transitions while the proton emission is negligibly small. According to our large-scale shell model calculations, this phenomenon has been interpreted to be due to very low isospin mixing in the IAS.PACS numbers: 21.10. Dr, 27.40.+z, 29.20.db The concept of isospin was introduced by Heisenberg [1] and developed by Wigner [2] to describe the charge independence of nuclear forces. This concept is being widely used in particle and nuclear physics [3, 4]. Within the isospin formalism, a nucleus composed of Z protons and N neutrons has a fixed isospin projection of T z = (N − Z)/2, while all states in the nucleus can have different total isospins T ≥ |T z |. In other words, states of a given T can occur in a set of isobaric nuclei with T z = T, T − 1, ..., −T . These states with the same T and J π are called the isobaric analog states (IAS). The states with T = |T z | are the ground states of the corresponding nuclei and the ones with T > |T z | are excited states, except for some oddodd N = Z nuclei [5,6]. A set of IASs with fixed A and T are believed to have very similar structure and properties and to be energetically degenerated in the framework of isospin symmetry. This energy degeneracy is mainly altered due to the Coulomb interaction, the proton-neutron mass difference, and the charge-dependent forces of nuclear origin [7]. In an isobaric multiplet, the masses of the IASs of a given T can be described in first order approximation by the famous quadratic * Corresponding author.

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Charge states of relativistic heavy ions in matter

Cited by 189 publications

References 40 publications

Isomeric states observed in heavy neutron-rich nuclei populated in the fragmentation of a208Pb beam

Isomeric states observed in heavy neutron-rich nuclei populated in the fragmentation of a208Pb beam

Inelastic process observed in charge-exchange reactions of⁵⁶Fe at 500 MeV/u

Identification of the Lowest T=2 , Jπ=0+ Isobaric Analog State in
Xu¹,
Zhang²,
Peng³
et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. Lett.
38
0
7
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Charge states of relativistic heavy ions in matter

Cited by 189 publications

References 40 publications

Isomeric states observed in heavy neutron-rich nuclei populated in the fragmentation of a208Pb beam

Isomeric states observed in heavy neutron-rich nuclei populated in the fragmentation of a208Pb beam

Inelastic process observed in charge-exchange reactions of56Fe at 500 MeV/u

Identification of the Lowest T=2 , Jπ=0+ Isobaric Analog State in Xu1, Zhang2, Peng3 et al. 2016Phys. Rev. Lett.38070View full textAdd to dashboardCite

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Inelastic process observed in charge-exchange reactions of⁵⁶Fe at 500 MeV/u

Identification of the Lowest T=2 , Jπ=0+ Isobaric Analog State in
Xu¹,
Zhang²,
Peng³
et al. 2016
Phys. Rev. Lett.
38
0
7
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite