Charge-state distributions in collisions of H and He with magnesium

Baragiola, R. A.; Salvatelli, E. R.; Alonso, E.V.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(73)90736-2

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…8 Foils of 10 lg/cm 2 thickness behave as solid materials against H À ions leaving the surface, and the resulting charge state fractions are different from those for thick gas target. 162 The negative ionization fraction was found determined by the material covering the surface of the beam exit side. 163 Production of polarized H À ions for tandem acceleration was also shown to be possible by charge exchange through a thin carbon foil.…”

Section: Surface Production Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative hydrogen ion production mechanisms

Bacal

Wada

2015

Applied Physics Reviews

241

173

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International audienceNegative hydrogen/deuterium ions can be formed by processes occurring in the plasma volume and on surfaces facing the plasma. The principal mechanisms leading to the formation of these negative ions are dissociative electron attachment to ro-vibrationally excited hydrogen/deuterium molecules when the reaction takes place in the plasma volume, and the direct electron transfer from the low work function metal surface to the hydrogen/deuterium atoms when formation occurs on the surface. The existing theoretical models and reported experimental results on these two mechanisms are summarized. Performance of the negative hydrogen/deuterium ion sources that emerged from studies of these mechanisms is reviewed. Contemporary negative ion sources do not have negative ion production electrodes of original surface type sources but are operated with caesium with their structures nearly identical to volume production type sources. Reasons for enhanced negative ion current due to caesium addition to these sources are discussed. (31 pages, 265 refs

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Section: Surface Production Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%