Charge Pumping for Sliding‐mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Voltage Stabilization and Boosted Current

Abstract

processing, and transmission of information. [1][2][3] Moreover, portable and wearable electronics for health monitoring and interactive communication are already widespread in our life. [4,5] Accordingly, the demanding energy for powering these electronics soars with time, especially the distributed and low-powered energy sources. [6,7] At present, the vast majority of power sources for needed electricity are different batteries, [8][9][10] which are widely used owing to their mature processing technology and low manufacturing cost. However, the batteries have the inherent drawbacks of a limited lifetime and capacity. [11,12] And there are some knotty problems of environmental pollution and recycling difficulty [13,14] when wearing out. Therefore, much effort has been devoted to exploring other types of sustainable and green energy sources like solar energy, wind energy, etc., which serve as a complement or replacement. [15] Since invented by Wang et al. [16] in 2012, the triboelectric nanogenerator [17][18][19][20] (TENG) has become the spotlight among researchers with great promising potential to be the following generation of energy. Based on the coupling effects of electrostatic induction and triboelectrification, [21][22][23] the TENG has merits of high efficiency, easy fabrication, various materials, and low cost. [22,[24][25][26] It has witnessed great progress and achievements in micro-nano energy, [27][28][29][30] self-powered systems, [26,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] blue-ocean energy, [39][40][41][42] and high voltage applications. [43][44][45][46][47][48] However, there are some challenges to face for TENG, such as the ultrahigh but unstable voltage (about several thousand volts) and the relatively low current (about microamperes), which greatly hinder its practical applications in daily life of IoT. Meanwhile, as the static charges being fully constrained on dielectric surfaces, the TENG has quite little induced charge transferring in the circuit and low charge density on the surfaces, [49] which limits its power output.To improve the performance of TENG in energy supply, some previous researches have focused on structure optimization, [50,51] material selection, [52] surface modification, [53] and environment control. [54] Through the corona charging, Zhou et al. [55] have enhanced the charge density to 240 µC m −2 . By highly packaged in vacuum, an ultrahigh charge density of 1003 µC m −2 is obtained by Wang et al., [54] yet leading to great difficulty for the device fabrication. Recently, the emerging contact-separated charge pump technology brings with a new bright prospect and a breakthrough to the bottleneck of charge As an emerging harvester for mechanical energy, the ultrahigh and unstable voltage and low surface charge density have limited the practical applications of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Herein, a charge pumping technology is demonstrated for sliding-mode TENG with voltage stabilization and enhanced current by utilizing unfixed shuttling charges to generate electricit...

Semiconductor Contact‐Electrification‐Dominated Tribovoltaic Effect for Ultrahigh Power Generation

“…[8] TENGs usually use metal electrodes and organic polymer insulating materials to generate alternating currents based on the coupling of contact electrification (CE) and electrostatic induction effects. [9,10] Although TENGs can achieve high voltage and peak power density (PPD) through travel switches, spark switches, and charge pump technology, [11][12][13] their limited surface charge density and high impedance (≈MΩ/GΩ) result in low average power density (APD) and thus, difficulty in power management.…”

Ultrahigh Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator Enabled by Charge Transmission in Interfacial Lubrication and Potential Decentralization Design

“…In recent years, researchers have been working on promoting electric output and durability of TENG and proposed several valuable strategies for addressing these issues. For output enhancement, efforts were dedicated to elevating the threshold of air breakdown to increase surface charge density [22], including atmosphere controlling [23][24][25], using thin dielectric layer with charge pumping method [26][27][28] and our latest reported charge space-accumulation (CSA) effect [29]. For device durability, noncontact mode [30][31][32], rolling friction [33,34], soft contact with fur [35,36], and liquid lubrication [37][38][39][40] strategies were developed.…”

A High‐Performance Bidirectional Direct Current TENG by Triboelectrification of Two Dielectrics and Local Corona Discharge

“…[23][24][25] With structure flexibility, TENG can be integrated with other research fields in practical applications, for example, electrocatalysis, [26] biosensing, [27] autoclaving, [28] high-voltage application, [29][30][31][32] artificial intelligence, [3,14] environmental monitoring, [33] which greatly exhibits TENG properties in adjustability, compatibility and high efficiency. [34][35][36][37] The application capability of TENGs is determined by the electric energy output density per cycle, which largely depends on the surface charge density originating from the contact electrification effect. For this reason, many strategies are carried out to boost TENG output charge density, such as vacuum environment, [38] temperature [37] difference, [13] surface modification, [39] and hydrophobic treatment, [40] , etc.…”

“…[34][35][36][37] The application capability of TENGs is determined by the electric energy output density per cycle, which largely depends on the surface charge density originating from the contact electrification effect. For this reason, many strategies are carried out to boost TENG output charge density, such as vacuum environment, [38] temperature [37] difference, [13] surface modification, [39] and hydrophobic treatment, [40] , etc. Recently, charge excitation methods have achieved a 3.53 mC m −2 output charge density by self-polarization of polar high-k material in charge excitation process.…”