Charge/discharge characteristics of sulfurized polyacrylonitrile composite with different sulfur content in carbonate based electrolyte for lithium batteries

Wang, Li; He, Xiangming; Li, Jianjun; Chen, Min; Gao, Jian; Jiang, Changyin

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.005

Cited by 157 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Ascribed to the difference in the synthesis conditions and PAN sources that have proven to greatly affect the size and distribution of the SPAN fragments, a wide range CE from 62% to 87% has been reported for the first cycle of the Li/SPAN cells [7,8]. As shown by Table 2, the initial CE and reversible capacities in the 2nd cycle of the SPANs vary greatly even if the SPANs have the same sulfur content.…”

Section: Cycling Characteristics Of Li/span Cellmentioning

confidence: 92%

Understanding of Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile for Superior Performance Lithium/Sulfur Battery

2014

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Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is one of the most important sulfurized carbon materials that can potentially be coupled with the carbonaceous anode to fabricate a safe and low cost "all carbon" lithium-ion battery. However, its chemical structure and electrochemical properties have been poorly understood. In this discussion, we analyze the previously published data in combination with our own results to propose a more reasonable chemical structure that consists of short -S x -chains covalently bonded onto cyclized, partially dehydrogenated, and ribbon-like polyacrylonitrile backbones. The proposed structure fits all previous structural characterizations and explains many unique electrochemical phenomena that were observed from the Li/SPAN cells but have not been understood clearly.

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Section: Cycling Characteristics Of Li/span Cellmentioning

confidence: 92%

Understanding of Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile for Superior Performance Lithium/Sulfur Battery

2014

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“…23,[27][28][29][30] Vice versa, long-chain poly(sulfide)s are soluble in both carbonates and ethers. However, carbonates can react with the dissolved poly(sulfide)s via nucleophilic addition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, carbonates can react with the dissolved poly(sulfide)s via nucleophilic addition. 28 Consequently, carbonates are usually considered incompatible with classical Li/S batteries based on S 8 . As outlined earlier, the small pores in ACF fibers allow only for the presence of small, amorphous sulfur fragments inside the pores.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Electrochemistry between Fibrous SPAN and Fibrous S/C Cathodes Relevant to Cycle Stability and Capacity

Warneke

Eusterholz

Zenn

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Two different Li/S cathodes are compared in terms of capacity (mA . h . g sulfur −1 ) and intermediates during discharge and charge. One cathode material is based on fibrous SPAN, a sulfur-containing material obtained via the thermal conversion of poly(acrylonitrile), PAN, in the presence of sulfur. In this material, sulfur is covalently bound to the polymeric backbone. The second cathode material is based on porous activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with elemental sulfur embedded inside the ACFs' micropores. Cyclic voltammetry clearly indicates different discharge and charge chemistry of the two materials. While S-containing ACFs show the expected redoxchemistry of sulfur, SPAN does not form long-chain polysulfides during discharge; instead, sulfide is chopped off the polymer-bound sulfur chains to directly form Li 2 S. The high reversibility of this process accounts for both the high cycle stability and capacity of SPAN-based cathode materials.

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“…Based on the observed results, the study proposed a molecular structure of PAN-S, in which cyclo-S 8 molecules are transformed to chain-based sulfur molecules and form covalently bound sulfur with the polymer backbone. According to the different structure of PAN-S composites and cyclo-S 8 composites, the electrochemical behavior of PAN-S composites is different from the conventional sulfur-based cathodes, which exhibits a single pair of discharge-charge plateaus during cycling [149,150].…”

Section: B Sulfurized Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Application

Yang

Adair

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

333

206

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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices that have the potential to deliver energy densities that supersede that of state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries. Due to their high theoretical energy density and cost-effectiveness, Li-S batteries have received great attention and have made great progress in the last few years. However, the insurmountable gap between fundamental research and practical application is still a major stumbling block that has hindered the commercialization of Li-S batteries. This review provides insight from an engineering point of view to discuss the reasonable structural design and parameters for the application of Li-S batteries. Firstly, a systematic analysis of various parameters (sulfur loading, electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio, discharge capacity, discharge voltage, Li excess percentage, sulfur content, etc.) that influence the gravimetric energy density, volumetric energy density and cost is investigated. Through comparing and analyzing the statistical information collected from recent Li-S publications to find the shortcomings of Li-S technology, we supply potential strategies aimed at addressing the major issues that are still needed to be overcome. Finally, potential future directions and prospects in the engineering of Li-S batteries are discussed.

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Charge/discharge characteristics of sulfurized polyacrylonitrile composite with different sulfur content in carbonate based electrolyte for lithium batteries

Cited by 157 publications

References 24 publications

Understanding of Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile for Superior Performance Lithium/Sulfur Battery

Understanding of Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile for Superior Performance Lithium/Sulfur Battery

Differences in Electrochemistry between Fibrous SPAN and Fibrous S/C Cathodes Relevant to Cycle Stability and Capacity

Structural Design of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: From Fundamental Research to Practical Application

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