Charge convection in electrically stressed, low-conductivity, liquids Part 1: Onset of flow between plane electrodes

Experimental Measurement of Electrically and Thermally Operated Convection in Liquid Dielectric

“…The electrohydrodynamic phenomenon is caused by various effects such as ion drag pressure, dielectrophoresis and others. Experimental observations of the flow pattern have been reported in a number of interesting papers(1) (2). Since the fluid motion is unsteady driving by effect on charges created with the applied field, it makes the distribution of momentary flow velocities over wide flow fields difficult to measure(3).…”