Charge collection in Si detectors irradiated in situ at superfluid helium temperature

Verbitskaya, E.; Eremin, V.; Zabrodskiĭ, A. G.; Dehning, B.; Kurfürst, Christoph; Sapinski, Mariusz; Bartosik, M.; Egorov, N. N.; Härkönen, J.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.03.027

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This work extends the analysis of the experimental data received at CERN [4,5] and is focused on the effect of signal amplification in irradiated Si detectors operating at 1.9 K. The study is based on the previously proposed model of a two-stage charge collection process [6]:…”

Section: Jinst 17 P11037mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details of the in situ irradiation test were described in [4,5]. Among the p + -n-n + detectors studied in the test, the sample with a sensitive area of 1 mm 2 processed on 300 μm thick wafer with a resistivity of 10 kΩcm was chosen for the study of charge collection via an analysis of the current pulse response using the tools and approaches of TCT.…”

Section: Samples and Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At CERN, the experiments in this field have been performed since 2011 in the scope of a pilot project in view of the LHC preliminary upgrade program, in which the installation of semiconductor monitors of the beam particle loss (beam loss monitors, BLMs) on the external surface of helium tanks of magnets was planned. Investigation reproducing the operational conditions of Si detectors as BLMs was carried out on the 23 GeV proton beam at CERN PS as the in situ irradiation test at 1.9 K. The test showed detector survival up to the fluence 𝐹 of 1 × 10 16 p/cm 2 and provided a large amount of data partially published in [2]- [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal amplification in multistage charge collection process in Si detectors in situ irradiated at superfluid helium temperature

2022

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The effect of charge multiplication in Si p+-n-n+ detectors observed in the unique conditions of the in situ irradiation with 23 GeV proton beam fragmented into 400 ms spills and the temperature of superfluid helium, 1.9 K, was analyzed. The current pulse responses of the detector irradiated to 5 × 1013 p/cm2 demonstrated a two-stage process of charge collection, in which, in the first stage, the current was induced by holes, and in the second, by electrons arising due to avalanche multiplication produced by holes. In the detector irradiated to 2.7 × 1014 p/cm2, the third stage of charge collection was observed that was related to avalanche multiplication produced by electrons reaching the n+ contact and sequential drift of generated holes back to the p+ contact. The developed procedure of data treatment allowed extracting the full set of carrier transport parameters and internal charge gain rising to 3.7 at the bias voltage of 400 V and the fluence of 5 × 1013 p/cm2. An evolution of charge multiplication at the p+ contact initiated by holes originated from a high rate of the hole trap introduction at 1.9 K described by a fivefold rise in the trapping probability at 1.9 K in comparison with its value at T = -10°C. This increases the electric field near the p+ contact and leads to the avalanche multiplication affecting the following stages of charge collection.

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Section: Jinst 17 P11037mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samples and Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal amplification in multistage charge collection process in Si detectors in situ irradiated at superfluid helium temperature

2022

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“…• 2012: the first in situ irradiation test (T1) aimed at getting the first data on detector radiation degradation at 1.9 K, and performed with detectors processed on wafers with a standard thickness (d) of 300 µm and different silicon resistivities [8,9];…”

Section: Experimental Samples and Measurement Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of silicon detectors for Beam Loss Monitoring at HL-LHC

et al. 2017

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Silicon detectors were proposed as novel Beam Loss Monitors (BLM) for the control of the radiation environment in the vicinity of the superconductive magnets of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. The present work is aimed at enhancing the BLM sensitivity and therefore the capability of triggering the beam abort system before a critical radiation load hits the superconductive coils. We report here the results of three in situ irradiation tests of Si detectors carried out at the CERN PS at 1.9–4.2 K. The main experimental result is that all silicon detectors survived irradiation up to 1.22× 1016 p/cm2. The third test, focused on the detailed characterization of the detectors with standard (300 μm) and reduced (100 μm) thicknesses, showed only a marginal difference in the sensitivity of thinned detectors in the entire fluence range and a smaller rate of signal degradation that promotes their use as BLMs. The irradiation campaigns produced new information on radiation damage and carrier transport in Si detectors irradiated at the temperatures of 1.9–4.2 K. The results were encouraging and permitted to initiate the production of the first BLM prototype modules which were installed at the end of the vessel containing the superconductive coil of a LHC magnet immersed in superfluid helium to be able to test the silicon detectors in real operational conditions.

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“…Experimental data on the pulse signal obtained for Si detectors and their analysis along with the treatment of the Q c (F) dependences using the Hecht equation were presented in [28]. It is clear from the results that nonequilibrium carriers generated by spills are captured by the radiation-induced deep level defects and change the electric field profile.…”

Section: Dependences Of the Collected Charge On Bias Voltagementioning

confidence: 99%

In situ radiation test of silicon and diamond detectors operating in superfluid helium and developed for beam loss monitoring

Kurfürst

Dehning

Sapinski

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tAs a result of the foreseen increase in the luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider, the discrimination between the collision products and possible magnet quench-provoking beam losses of the primary proton beams is becoming more critical for safe accelerator operation. We report the results of ongoing research efforts targeting the upgrading of the monitoring system by exploiting Beam Loss Monitor detectors based on semiconductors located as close as possible to the superconducting coils of the triplet magnets. In practice, this means that the detectors will have to be immersed in superfluid helium inside the cold mass and operate at 1.9 K. Additionally, the monitoring system is expected to survive 20 years of LHC operation, resulting in an estimated radiation fluence of 1 Â 10 16 proton/cm 2 , which corresponds to a dose of about 2 MGy. In this study, we monitored the signal degradation during the in situ irradiation when silicon and single-crystal diamond detectors were situated in the liquid/superfluid helium and the dependences of the collected charge on fluence and bias voltage were obtained. It is shown that diamond and silicon detectors can operate at 1.9 K after 1 Â 10 16 p/cm 2 irradiation required for application as BLMs, while the rate of the signal degradation was larger in silicon detectors than in the diamond ones. For Si detectors this rate was controlled mainly by the operational mode, being larger at forward bias voltage.

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Charge collection in Si detectors irradiated in situ at superfluid helium temperature

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Signal amplification in multistage charge collection process in Si detectors in situ irradiated at superfluid helium temperature

Signal amplification in multistage charge collection process in Si detectors in situ irradiated at superfluid helium temperature

Development of silicon detectors for Beam Loss Monitoring at HL-LHC

In situ radiation test of silicon and diamond detectors operating in superfluid helium and developed for beam loss monitoring

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