Charge carrier trapping in highly-ordered lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal films based on ionic perylene diimide derivatives

Soroka, P.V.; Vakhnin, A.; Skryshevskiy, Yuriy A.; Boiko, O. P.; Anisimov, Maksim I.; Slominskiy, Yuriy L.; Nazarenko, V. G.; Genoe, Jan; Kadashchuk, A.

doi:10.1051/epjap/2014140272

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…111 Additionally, many N-PDIs are amphiphilic mesogens capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystal mesophases and have been investigated for use in optical applications. [112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121] 3.2 Self-n-doping mechanism Due to the unfavorable energy level alignment between the amine/ammonium dopants and the LUMO of PDI, self-ndoping proceeds through a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism. A graphical depiction of the doping mechanism is outlined in Fig.…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concepts and principles of self-n-doping in perylene diimide chromophores for applications in biochemistry, energy harvesting, energy storage, and catalysis

Powell

Whittaker‐Brooks

2022

Mater. Horiz.

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Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…111 Additionally, many N-PDIs are amphiphilic mesogens capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystal mesophases and have been investigated for use in optical applications. 112–121…”

Section: Amine/ammonium Functionalized Pdis (N-pdis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts and principles of self-n-doping in perylene diimide chromophores for applications in biochemistry, energy harvesting, energy storage, and catalysis

Powell

Whittaker‐Brooks

2022

Mater. Horiz.

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“…112 Additionally, many N-PDIs are amphiphilic mesogens capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystal mesophases and have been investigated for use in optical applications. [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122] 3.2 Self-n-doping mechanism Due to the unfavorable energy level alignment between the amine/ammonium dopants and the LUMO of PDI, self-n-doping proceeds through a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism.…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts and principles of self-n-doping in perylene diimide chromophores for applications in biochemistry, energy harvesting, energy storage, and catalysis

Powell

Whittaker‐Brooks

2022

Preprint

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Self-doping is an important method of increasing carrier concentrations in organic electronics that completely eliminates the need to tailor host—dopant miscibility; a necessary step when employing molecular dopants. Self-n-doping can be accomplished using amine or ammonium moieties as an electron source, and is being incorporated into an ever-increasingly diverse range of organic materials spanning many applications. Self-n-doped materials have demonstrated good, and in many cases, benchmark performances in a variety of applications. However, an in-depth review of the method is lacking. Perylene diimide (PDI) chromophores are an important mainstay in the semiconductor literature with well-known structure-function characteristics and are also one of the most widely utilized scaffolds for self-n-doping. In this review, we describe the unique properties of self-n-doped PDIs, delineate structure-function relationships, and discuss self-n-doped PDI performance in a range of applications. In particular, the impact of amine/ammonium incorporation into the PDI scaffold on doping efficiency is reviewed with regard to attachment mode, tether distance, counterion selection, and steric encumbrance. Self-n-doped PDIs are a unique set of PDI structural derivatives whose properties are amenable to a broad range of applications in biochemistry, solar energy conversion, thermoelectric modules, batteries, and photocatalysis. Finally, we discuss challenges and the future outlook of self-n-doping principles.

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“…TSL is particularly suitable for probing the DOS and extrinsic traps in luminescent organic materials, such as π− and σ−conjugated polymers [18,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26], molecularly doped polymers [27,28], oligomers [29], and hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite films [30]. Here, we use TSL to characterize the DOS in spin-coated films of two series of organic semiconducting materials of different polarity, based on small-molecule carbazole-biphenyl (CBP) derivatives: CBP, mCBP, and mCBP-CN (series 1) and carbazole-phenyl (CP) derivatives: mCP and mCP-CN (series 2), the chemical structures of which are shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density of States of OLED Host Materials from Thermally Stimulated Luminescence

et al. 2021

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The electronic density-of-states (DOS) plays a central role in controlling the charge-carrier transport in amorphous organic semiconductors, while its accurate determination is still a challenging task. We have applied the low-temperature fractional thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) technique to determine the DOS of pristine amorphous films of OLED host materials. The DOS width is determined for two series of hosts, namely, (i) carbazole-biphenyl (CBP) derivatives: CBP, mCBP, and mCBP-CN, and (ii) carbazolephenyl (CP) derivatives: mCP and mCP-CN. TSL originates from radiative recombination of chargecarriers thermally released from the lower energy part of the intrinsic DOS that causes charge trapping at very low temperatures. We find that the intrinsic DOS can be approximated by a Gaussian distribution, with a deep exponential tail accompanying this distribution in CBP and mCBP films. The DOS profile broadens with increasing molecular dipole moments, varying from 0 to 6 Debye, in a similar manner within each series, in line with the dipolar disorder model. The same molecular dipole moment, however, leads to a broader DOS of CP compared to CBP derivatives. Using computer simulations, we attribute the difference between the series to a smaller polarizability of cations in CP-derivatives, leading to weaker screening of the electrostatic disorder by induction. These results demonstrate that the low-temperature TSL technique can be used as an efficient experimental tool for probing the DOS in small-molecule OLED materials.

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Charge carrier trapping in highly-ordered lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal films based on ionic perylene diimide derivatives

Cited by 6 publications

References 49 publications

Concepts and principles of self-n-doping in perylene diimide chromophores for applications in biochemistry, energy harvesting, energy storage, and catalysis

Concepts and principles of self-n-doping in perylene diimide chromophores for applications in biochemistry, energy harvesting, energy storage, and catalysis

Concepts and principles of self-n-doping in perylene diimide chromophores for applications in biochemistry, energy harvesting, energy storage, and catalysis

Density of States of OLED Host Materials from Thermally Stimulated Luminescence

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