Charge Carrier Mobility in Organic Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductors by the Electrolyte‐Gated van der Pauw Method

Bonafè, Filippo; Decataldo, Francesco; Cramer, Tobias

doi:10.1002/aelm.202100086

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…This type of microstructure is notably present in poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS, Figure a), which consists of PEDOT-rich grains embedded in a presumed insulating PSS-rich matrix (Figure b) . PEDOT:PSS, however, displays a remarkably high conductivity ( G ∼ 4300 S cm –1 ) and electronic mobility (μ ∼ 11.7 cm 2 V –1 s –1 ) that approaches that of pure PEDOT films doped by other means ( G ∼ 6300 S cm –1 , μ ∼ 18.5 cm 2 V –1 s –1 ) . This high mobility is surprising given that typical PEDOT:PSS blends consist of ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Electronic Tunneling Governs Transport in Conducting Polymer-Insulator Blends

et al. 2022

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Electronic transport models for conducting polymers (CPs) and blends focus on the arrangement of conjugated chains, while the contributions of the nominally insulating components to transport are largely ignored. In this work, an archetypal CP blend is used to demonstrate that the chemical structure of the non-conductive component has a substantial effect on charge carrier mobility. Upon diluting a CP with excess insulator, blends with as high as 97.4 wt % insulator can display carrier mobilities comparable to some pure CPs such as polyaniline and low regioregularity P3HT. In this work, we develop a single, multiscale transport model based on the microstructure of the CP blends, which describes the transport properties for all dilutions tested. The results show that the high carrier mobility of primarily insulator blends results from the inclusion of aromatic rings, which facilitate long-range tunneling (up to ca. 3 nm) between isolated CP chains. This tunneling mechanism calls into question the current paradigm used to design CPs, where the solubilizing or ionically conducting component is considered electronically inert. Indeed, optimizing the participation of the nominally insulating component in electronic transport may lead to enhanced electronic mobility and overall better performance in CPs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Electronic Tunneling Governs Transport in Conducting Polymer-Insulator Blends

et al. 2022

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“…6B). 141 The method uses a conventional three-electrodes setup, with RE and CE electrodes and a WE consisting of 4 symmetric gold contacts placed at the edges of a polymer film, where the contacts' dimensions are much smaller than the polymer film dimensions. A current is then injected between two contacts (high-and low-force contacts respectively, i.e., contacts 1 and 2 in Fig.…”

Section: Electronic Charge Carrier Mobility (L Oect )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A guide for the characterization of organic electrochemical transistors and channel materials

2023

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“…[ 100,107–109 ] Furthermore, increasing consideration is being devoted to quantifying and modeling contact resistance effects in OECTs, again with the goal of understanding how the energetic and microstructural features of OMIECs affect charge injection and transport in the material. [ 99,109–111 ]…”

Section: Omiec Property Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[100,[107][108][109] Furthermore, increasing consideration is being devoted to quantifying and modeling contact resistance effects in OECTs, again with the goal of understanding how the energetic and microstructural features of OMIECs affect charge injection and transport in the material. [99,[109][110][111] As evident from the above discussion, when reviewing the electrical tuning of the conductivity in OMIECs it is inevitable to refer continuously to the OECT. This pervasive electronic device is in fact a unique tool for investigating these charge modulation phenomena, while simultaneously being the device platform that most benefits of these fundamental studies.…”

Section: Dynamically Tuned Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conduction, a Multifunctional Property in Organic Conductors

et al. 2022

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consumption and sensing as well as high-energy-density batteries for energy storage. Recently, interest in developing systems that interface seamlessly with the human body (e.g., wearables, braincomputer interfaces, and soft robots) has driven the development of soft, organic, and biomimetic materials that emulate the functions of their inorganic counterparts. Beyond emulation, these materials are unique because they provide an opportunity to embody such multifunctional properties within the material itself, rather than relying on device design. These multifunctional properties are intrinsic to organic mixed ionic electronic conductors (OMIECs), that is, once synthesized and processed, OMIECs can serve as the active component of multiple devices (be it transistors, sensors, energy-storage devices, etc.), where essentially the material is the device.OMIECs generally consist of a conjugated backbone for electronic conduction as well as sidechains to facilitate ionic intercalation from the operational electrolyte and to aid in solvation in processing solvents. [1] Organic chemistry provides a large toolbox in the molecular design of the backbone, side chains, and other additives, resulting in an almost infinite design space for the corresponding materials properties: energy levels, electronic and ionic conductivity, optical, volume, and moduli. Additionally, one or more of these properties can be modified during device operation, thereby transducing an input (e.g., ionic) into an output (e.g., electronic), allowing OMIECs to be used for a variety of applications including sensors, transistors, optoelectronic devices, energy-storage electrodes, and actuators. The multifunctionality of OMIECs is illustrated in Figure 1 to highlight their versatility in design and their ability to respond to a variety of stimuli.The underlying and unifying phenomena behind these property changes arise from the large modulation in electronic and ionic charge density in the bulk of the OMIEC. This modulation in turn results in second-order effects such as modulations in electrochemical potential (electron energy levels), electronic and ionic transport, capacitance, free volume, optical bandgap, and modulus. Tuning these properties throughout the bulk of the material enables new design parameters that were previously untapped in traditional electronic devices where Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) have gained recent interest and rapid development due to their versatility in diverse applications ranging from sensing, actuation and computation to energy harvesting/ storage, and information transfer. Their multifunctional properties arise from their ability to simultaneously participate in redox reactions as well as modulation of ionic and electronic charge density throughout the bulk of the material. Most importantly, the ability to access charge states with deep modulation through a large extent of its density of states and physical volume of the material enables OMIEC-based devices to display exciting new characteristics...

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Charge Carrier Mobility in Organic Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductors by the Electrolyte‐Gated van der Pauw Method

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Efficient Electronic Tunneling Governs Transport in Conducting Polymer-Insulator Blends

Efficient Electronic Tunneling Governs Transport in Conducting Polymer-Insulator Blends

A guide for the characterization of organic electrochemical transistors and channel materials

Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conduction, a Multifunctional Property in Organic Conductors

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