Charge carrier dynamics and interactions in electric force microscopy

Lekkala, Swapna; Hoepker, Nikolas; Marohn, John A.; Loring, Roger F.

doi:10.1063/1.4754602

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…30 These experiments were motivated by our previously reported scanning probe microscopy study of light-and time-dependent conductivity in a thin film of CsPbBr 3 . 35 We used sample-induced dissipation [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] and broadband local dielectric spectroscopy (BLDS) 50 to demonstrate for CsPbBr 3 that conductivity shows a slow activated recovery when the light was switched off, with an activation energy and time-scale consistent with ion motion. We concluded that the sample conductivity dynamics were controlled by the coupled motion of slow and fast charges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate-Dependent Photoconductivity Dynamics in a High-Efficiency Hybrid Perovskite Alloy

et al. 2019

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Films of (FA 0.79 MA 0.16 Cs 0.05 ) 0.97 Pb(I 0.84 Br 0.16 ) 2.97 were grown over TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ITO, and NiO. Film conductivity was interrogated by measuring the inphase and out-of-phase forces acting between the film and a charged microcantilever. We followed the films' conductivity vs. time, frequency, light intensity, and temperature (233 to 312 K). Perovskite conductivity was high and light-independent over ITO and NiO. Over TiO 2 and SnO 2 , the conductivity was low in the dark, increased with light intensity, and persisted for 10's of seconds after the light was removed. At elevated temperature over TiO 2 , the rate of conductivity recovery in the dark showed an activated temperature dependence (E a = 0.58 eV). Surprisingly, the light-induced conductivity over TiO 2 and SnO 2 relaxed essentially instantaneously at low temperature. We use a transmission-line model for mixed ionic-electronic conductors to show that the measurements presented are sensitive to the sum of electronic and ionic conductivities. We rationalize the seemingly incongruous observations using the idea that holes, introduced either by equilibration with the substrate or via optical irradiation, create iodide vacancies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate-Dependent Photoconductivity Dynamics in a High-Efficiency Hybrid Perovskite Alloy

et al. 2019

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“…3. The solid lines show the pre- dicted heating rate calculated from the measured resistance R m using equations ( 1), (2). The measured data show good agreement with the calculated curves with an average deviation ∆ = 2.06 for T = 97 K and ∆ = 2.12 for T = 140 K. For T < T c , the heating rate spectrum is measured at three different temperatures T = (12, 41, 77) K (Fig.…”

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confidence: 60%

“…Electric field noise provides insights into microscopic processes, and imposes limitations to experimental systems. In particular, electric field noise in close proximity to surfaces creates obstacles for near-field measurements [1,2], experiments with nitrogen-vacancy centers [3], Casimir effect studies [4], gravitational-wave detectors [5], and ion trapping experiments [6]. It has been suggested to employ the high sensitivity of trapped ions to electric field noise as a new tool in surface science [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Observation of superconductivity and surface noise using a single trapped ion as a field probe

et al. 2019

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Measuring and understanding electric field noise from bulk material and surfaces is important for many areas of physics. In this work, we introduce a method to detect in situ different sources of electric field noise using a single trapped ion as a sensor. We demonstrate the probing of electric field noise as small as SE = 5.2(11) × 10 −16 V 2 m −2 Hz −1 , the lowest noise level observed with a trapped ion to our knowledge. Our setup incorporates a controllable noise source utilizing a hightemperature superconductor. This element allows us, first, to benchmark and validate the sensitivity of our probe. Second, to probe non-invasively bulk properties of the superconductor, observing for the first time a superconducting transition with an ion. For temperatures below the transition, we use our setup to assess different surface noise processes. The measured noise shows a crossover regime in the frequency domain, which cannot be explained by existing surface noise models. Our results open perspectives for new models in surface science and pave the way to test them experimentally.

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“…11 was affixed to the leading edge of a fragile microcantilever; it took weeks of scanning to locate the virus via its magnetic resonance signal. 1 The creation of high-compliance microcantilevers with integrated nanomagnet tips [17][18][19] creates exciting opportunities for measuring charge and spin fluctuations in patterned thin-film devices [20][21][22][23][24][25] and observing magnetic resonance in both devices and optically labeled, flash-frozen biological samples [26]. To realize these opportunities in a magnetic resonance force microscope (MRFM), we must first position the cantilever over a chosen micrometer-scale feature on a centimeter-scale sample substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogenic positioning and alignment with micrometer precision in a magnetic resonance force microscope

Isaac

Curley

Nasr

et al. 2018

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Aligning a microcantilever to an area of interest on a sample is a critical step in many scanning probe microscopy experiments, particularly those carried out on devices and rare, precious samples. We report a series of protocols that rapidly and reproducibly align a high-compliance microcantilever to a <10 μm sample feature under high vacuum and at cryogenic temperatures. The first set of protocols, applicable to a cantilever oscillating parallel to the sample surface, involve monitoring the cantilever resonance frequency while laterally scanning the tip to map the sample substrate through electrostatic interactions of the substrate with the cantilever. We demonstrate that when operating a cantilever a few micrometers from the sample surface, large shifts in the cantilever resonance frequency are present near the edges of a voltage-biased sample electrode. Surprisingly, these "edge-finder" frequency shifts are retained when the electrode is coated with a polymer film and a ∼10 nm thick metallic ground plane. The second series of methods, applicable to any scanning probe microscopy experiment, integrate a single-optical fiber to image line scans of the sample surface. The microscope modifications required for these methods are straightforward to implement, provide reliable micrometer-scale positioning, and decrease the experimental setup time from days to hours in a vacuum, cryogenic magnetic resonance force microscope.

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Charge carrier dynamics and interactions in electric force microscopy

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Substrate-Dependent Photoconductivity Dynamics in a High-Efficiency Hybrid Perovskite Alloy

Substrate-Dependent Photoconductivity Dynamics in a High-Efficiency Hybrid Perovskite Alloy

Observation of superconductivity and surface noise using a single trapped ion as a field probe

Cryogenic positioning and alignment with micrometer precision in a magnetic resonance force microscope

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