Charge and size distribution of mesospheric aerosol particles measured inside NLC and PMSE during MIDAS MaCWAVE 2002

Smiley, B.; Rapp, Markus; Blix, T. A.; Robertson, Scott; Horányi, M.; Latteck, R.; Fiedler, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.009

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The maximum dust charge densities in layer 1 (Fig. 7), the NLC layer, is N d Z d ∼−3.5×10 9 m −3 which is close to the maximum values which have been found in earlier rocket flights (Havnes et al, 1996;Smiley et al, 2006). The dust charge density is expected to be smaller or, in the case of a strong electron bite-out where most of the electrons are captured by the dust particles, comparable to the electron density just outside the clouds (Havnes et al, 2001a;Rapp et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Mesospheric dust and its secondary effects as observed by the ESPRIT payload

Havnes

Surdal²,

Philbrick

2009

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. The dust detector on the ESPRIT rocket detected two extended dust/aerosol layers during the launch on 1 July 2006. The lower layer at height ∼81.5-83 km coincided with a strong NLC and PMSE layer. The maximum dust charge density was ∼−3.5×10 9 e m −3 and the dust layer was characterized by a few strong dust layers where the dust charge density at the upper edges changed by factors 2-3 over a distance of 10 m, while the same change at their lower edges were much more gradual. The upper edge of this layer is also sharp, with a change in the probe current from zero to I DC =−10 −11 A over ∼10 m, while the same change at the low edge occurs over ∼500 m. The second dust layer at ∼85-92 km was in the height range of a comparatively weak PMSE layer and the maximum dust charge density was ∼−10 8 e m −3 . This demonstrates that PMSE can be formed even if the ratio of the dust charge density to the electron density P =N d Z d /n e 0.01.In spite of the dust detector being constructed to reduce possible secondary charging effects from dust impacts, it was found that they were clearly present during the passage through both layers. The measured secondary charging effects confirm recent results that dust in the NLC and PMSE layers can be very effective in producing secondary charges with up to ∼50 to 100 electron charges being rubbed off by one impacting large dust particle, if the impact angle is θ i 20-35 • . This again lends support to the suggested model for NLC and PMSE dust particles (Havnes and Naesheim, 2007) as a loosely bound water-ice clump interspersed with a considerable number of sub-nanometer-sized meteoric smoke particles, possibly also contaminated with meteoric atomic species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The dust was not observed visually or by lidars but a strong PMSE layer was present. Later, rocket probe observations (Mitchell et al, 2001;Havnes et al, 2001a, b;Smiley et al, 2006) confirm the presence, also of subvisual dust, at NLC and PME conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Mesospheric dust and its secondary effects as observed by the ESPRIT payload

Havnes

Surdal²,

Philbrick

2009

Ann. Geophys.

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“…Due to substantial coning of the rocket, impacts of dust happened mainly at the front grid G1 and it was found that secondary charging induced by grazing incidence collisions of the dust with this grid was very important. A number of investigators have recognized the importance of secondary charging, caused by incoming dust particles fragmenting and rubbing off electric charges from the surfaces that they impact (Havnes et al, 1996;Andersson and Pettersson, 1997;Vostrikov et al, 1997;Zadorozhny et al, 1997;Gumbel and Witt, 1998;Smiley et al, 2006;Amyx et al, 2008;Kassa et al, 2012). Havnes and Naesheim (2007) performed the first analysis to exploit the full potential of DUSTY-2 data and also reinterpreted the DUSTY-1 data with a model including secondary charging induced by collisions with one of the grids.…”

Section: Dustymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tromsø programme of in situ and sample return studies of mesospheric nanoparticles

Havnes

Antonsen

Hartquist

et al. 2015

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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We review some of the work performed over the past two decades with rocket-borne detectors to study mesospheric dust or nanoparticles, including meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) and water ice particles in the mesosphere. We focus on regions in which noctilucent clouds (NLCs) and polar summer mesospheric echoes (PMSEs) occur. Our primary emphasis is on several detectors designed, built and used by the Tromsø group and collaborators, and results obtained with them. These include the DUSTY, MUDD and ICON probes, the latter for which the results of laboratory tests are presented. However, we also mention, but do not address in detail, some of the investigations conducted by others and describe very briefly our preparations for sample return measurements. We consider the importance of accounting for the secondary charging occurring in detectors as nanoparticles strike them, evidence that MSPs fill up to several percent of the volume in icy particles and measurements of the size distribution of the MSPs.

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“…On the other hand, the microphysical properties of meteoric-smoke particles are still poorly understood. This lack of knowledge is due to the complications involved with in situ measurements at mesospheric altitudes that can only be reached by sounding rockets (Farlow et al, 1970;Havnes et al, 1996;Goldberg et al, 2001;Smiley et al, 2002;Rapp et al, 2005;Lynch et al, 2005;Hedin et al, 2007b). Furthermore, the detection of nanometre-sized particles is constrained by the shock wave in front of the rocket, which may prevent small particles from reaching the detector (Hedin et al, 2007a) and by contamination from the rocket itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: A novel rocket-based in situ collection technique for mesospheric and stratospheric aerosol particles

et al. 2013

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A technique for collecting aerosol particles between altitudes of 17 and 85 km is described. Spin-stabilized collection probes are ejected from a sounding rocket allowing for multi-point measurements. Each probe is equipped with 110 collection samples that are 3 mm in diameter. The collection samples are one of three types: standard transmission electron microscopy carbon grids, glass fibre filter paper or silicone gel. Collection samples are exposed over a 50 m to 5 km height range with a total of 45 separate ranges. Post-flight electron microscopy will give size-resolved information on particle number, shape and elemental composition. Each collection probe is equipped with a suite of sensors to capture the probe's status during the fall. Parachute recovery systems along with GPS-based localization will ensure that each probe can be located and recovered for post-flight analysis

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Charge and size distribution of mesospheric aerosol particles measured inside NLC and PMSE during MIDAS MaCWAVE 2002

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Mesospheric dust and its secondary effects as observed by the ESPRIT payload

Mesospheric dust and its secondary effects as observed by the ESPRIT payload

The Tromsø programme of in situ and sample return studies of mesospheric nanoparticles

Technical Note: A novel rocket-based in situ collection technique for mesospheric and stratospheric aerosol particles

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