Charge and discharge of polar cold air mass in northern hemispheric winter

Kanno, Yuki; Abdillah, Muhammad Rais; Iwasaki, Toshiki

doi:10.1002/2015gl065626

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The polar cold air mass (PCAM) grows over high latitudes, outflows equatorward, and then disappears at lower latitudes (Iwasaki et al, ; Iwasaki & Mochizuki, ; Kanno, Abdillah, & Iwasaki, ). The outbreaks of the PCAM dominate wintertime weather and can cause severe damages to society (Cellitti et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The characteristics of the hemispheric PCAM can be diagnosed by a zonal‐mean two‐box model (Kanno, Shoji, & Iwasaki, , hereafter KS15). By considering a genesis box at high latitudes and a loss box at low latitudes, the two‐box model effectively explains the charge‐discharge theory of the hemispheric‐scale PCAM (Kanno, Abdillah, & Iwasaki, ; hereafter KA15). It has been found that the total PCAM depends on the residence time of the PCAM in the genesis box (KS15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter grows over the Arctic Ocean, extends to North America, and dissipates over the North Atlantic. The exit regions of climatological cold air streams are located to the east of major mountains where cold air outbreaks/cold surges frequently occur (Garreaud, 2001;Kanno, Abdillah, & Iwasaki, 2015;Shoji et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong Linkage of El Niño–Southern Oscillation to the Polar Cold Air Mass in the Northern Hemisphere

Abdillah

Kanno

Iwasaki

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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The total hemispheric polar cold air mass (PCAM) amount below a threshold potential temperature is conserved under an adiabatic condition and is a good indicator of polar warming. While the long‐term PCAM trends have been investigated, the cause of its interannual variability remains uncertain. Here we find that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation has a strong impact on the total northern hemispheric PCAM amount below a potential temperature of 280 K. The correlation coefficient between the Niño‐3.4 and the total PCAM reaches −0.66 over 36 recent winters. During El Niño, the PCAM decreases significantly because of the shorter PCAM residence time at high latitudes. The Aleutian Low intensifies and effectively transfers the PCAM from North America to the North Pacific, causing a significant decrease in the PCAM amount over the northern part of North America and a strengthening of cold air outflows over the central North Pacific. The PCAM coming to the warm ocean disappears rapidly and results in the imbalance of the hemispheric PCAM. This study reveals a notable influence of the tropical forcing on the variability of polar climate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong Linkage of El Niño–Southern Oscillation to the Polar Cold Air Mass in the Northern Hemisphere

Abdillah

Kanno

Iwasaki

2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Furthermore, Kanno et al . [] studied the detrended interannual variability of the CAM for the NH winter based on a charge‐discharge theory. The CAM flux across 45°N decreases the CAM at higher latitudes but increases the CAM at lower latitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average lifetime of the CAM in the NH winter has been estimated to be approximately 25 days based on a two-box model [Kanno et al, 2015a]. Furthermore, Kanno et al [2015b] studied the detrended interannual variability of the CAM for the NH winter based on a charge-discharge theory. The CAM flux across 45°N decreases the CAM at higher latitudes but increases the CAM at lower latitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term trend of cold air mass amount below a designated potential temperature in Northern and Southern Hemispheric winters using reanalysis data sets

Kanno

Abdillah

Iwasaki

2016

J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.

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This study shows that the total hemispheric cold air mass (CAM) amount below a designated potential temperature of 280 K serves as a good indicator of long‐term climate change trends in the polar region. We conduct quantitative analyses of the warming trends of Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) winters using five reanalysis data sets (Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, ERA‐Interim, Japanese 55 year Reanalysis Japanese 25 year Reanalysis, JRA‐25, and National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research) and JRA‐55‐related data sets (JRA‐55 Conventional reanalysis and JRA‐55 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project type simulation). Total hemispheric CAM amount for the NH winter shows a significant decreasing trend for most of the reanalyses at a rate of approximately −1.37 to −0.77% decade−1 from 1959 to 2012 and at a rate of approximately −1.57 to −0.84% decade−1 from 1980 to 2012. The CAM amount trends show very different geographic patterns during the two periods, which suggests that geographical patterns of the trends estimated for these periods are largely controlled by internal low‐frequency dynamics. The CAM flux across 45°N, which serves as an indicator of hemispheric scale cold air outbreaks, has so large interannual variability that its trend becomes insignificant. In the SH winter, trends of total hemispheric CAM amount and its equatorward flux across 50°S are not consistent among the new reanalyses for 1980–2012. Although total hemispheric CAM amount decreases for 1959–2012, sparse observations and changes in systematic bias, due to the implementation of assimilation of satellite observation data in 1979, compromise the reliability of the trends. Improvements to the reanalyses are desirable as a means of monitoring historical changes in CAM for the SH winter.

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On the cooccurrence of wintertime temperature anomalies over eastern Asia and eastern North America

et al. 2017

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The cooccurrence of wintertime temperature anomalies over eastern Asia and eastern North America is examined. The winter days during 1948–2014 are assigned to nine regimes by applying the self‐organizing map clustering method to the area‐averaged land surface temperature anomalies over these two regions. About half of the winter days are associated with concurrent temperature anomalies. The occurrence of the concurrent/nonconcurrent regimes is closely related to the large‐scale circulation conditions. The Eurasian teleconnection pattern and the Pacific‐North American teleconnection pattern are two dominant large‐scale circulation modes associated with the cooccurrence of the temperature anomalies, through their impacts on the intensities of the corresponding troughs. The precursor analysis reveals that the lead time of the early signals for the concurrent cold anomalies is about 4 days longer than that for the concurrent warm anomalies. In addition, the average lead time of the precursor signals for the wintertime temperature anomalies over eastern Asia is longer than that over eastern North America.

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Charge and discharge of polar cold air mass in northern hemispheric winter

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Strong Linkage of El Niño–Southern Oscillation to the Polar Cold Air Mass in the Northern Hemisphere

Strong Linkage of El Niño–Southern Oscillation to the Polar Cold Air Mass in the Northern Hemisphere

Long-term trend of cold air mass amount below a designated potential temperature in Northern and Southern Hemispheric winters using reanalysis data sets

On the cooccurrence of wintertime temperature anomalies over eastern Asia and eastern North America

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