Charcoal Production in a Continuous Operation Retort. Experimental Data Processing

Kļaviņa, Krista; Klavins, Janis V.; Veidenbergs, Ivars; Blumberga, Dagnija

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.051

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Fresh woody biomass provides a moisture content up to 60% [65] and ≈80% for fresh algae [66,67]. To reduce the energy demand in the first pyrolysis stage, biomass should be naturally dried to less than 25% [68]. The equilibrium moisture content of wood can vary from 4 to 18.1 wt.% [69], similar to that of dried herbaceous biomass such as wheat straw or rice husks.…”

Section: Pre-treatment Of Raw Feedstock and Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On average, 28 to 61% of the CO 2 emissions are referred to the charcoal production process, whereas 29 to 61% arise from the biomass production [189]. Thus, a sustainable biomass production and utilization of the by-products are essential to reduce anthropogenic CO 2 emissions in metallurgy, whereas an increased carbon conversion efficiency and recirculation of volatiles are the most important improvements to reduce the pyrolysis gas emissions into the atmosphere [68].…”

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This emphasizes the importance of dried biomass feedstock, since the moisture content increases the bio-oil yield and decreases the concentration of the organic fraction and its heating value. A moisture content less than 45-50% is required for an autothermal operation [226], respectively less than 20-25% for an efficient and stable operation of industrial scale retorts, such as the Lambiotte process [6,68].…”

Section: By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

2020

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This paper provides a fundamental and critical review of biomass application as renewable reductant in integrated ferroalloy reduction process. The basis for the review is based on the current process and product quality requirement that bio-based reductants must fulfill. The characteristics of different feedstocks and suitable pre-treatment and post-treatment technologies for their upgrading are evaluated. The existing literature concerning biomass application in ferroalloy industries is reviewed to fill out the research gaps related to charcoal properties provided by current production technologies and the integration of renewable reductants in the existing industrial infrastructure. This review also provides insights and recommendations to the unresolved challenges related to the charcoal process economics. Several possibilities to integrate the production of bio-based reductants with bio-refineries to lower the cost and increase the total efficiency are given. A comparison of challenges related to energy efficient charcoal production and formation of emissions in classical kiln technologies are discussed to underline the potential of bio-based reductant usage in ferroalloy reduction process.

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Section: Pre-treatment Of Raw Feedstock and Charcoalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: By-productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

2020

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“…While kilns are typically closed containers releasing gas and vapor to the atmosphere, the retorts condense the vapors and make good use of the energy content of gases 89,110 . The Wagon Retort: These retorts consist of the following components: (a) a steel horizontal carbonizing chamber fitted with either a fixed cover at one end and a door at the other, or doors at both ends 4 .…”

Section: Retortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pre-dried wood enters by the top of the retort through a lock controlled electronically to keep the retort always full. The retort has four zones (cooling zone, carbonization, drying and torch) 110 . The charring wood section is where the wood decomposes into char, vapors and gases.…”

Section: Retortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Developments of Pyrolysis Reactors: A Review

et al. 2017

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This paper provides a review on pyrolysis technologies, focusing on reactor designs and companies commercializing this technology. The renewed interest on pyrolysis is driven by the potential to convert lignocellulosic materials into bio-oil and biochar and the use of these intermediates for the production bio-fuels, biochemicals and engineered biochars for environmental services. This review presents slow, intermediate, fast and microwave pyrolysis as complementary technologies that share some commonalities in their designs. While slow pyrolysis technologies (traditional carbonization kilns) use wood trunks to produce char chunks for cooking, fast pyrolysis systems process small particles to maximize bio-oil yield. The realization of the environmental issues associated with the use of carbonization technologies and the technical difficulties to operate fast pyrolysis reactors using sand as heating media and large volumes of carrier gas, as well as the problems to refine resulting highly oxygenated oils, are forcing the thermochemical conversion community to rethink the design and use of these reactors. Intermediate pyrolysis reactors (also known as converters) offer opportunities for the large scale balanced production of char and biooil. The capacity of these reactors to process forest and agricultural wastes without much preprocessing is a clear advantage. Microwave pyrolysis is an option for modular small autonomous devises for solid waste management.

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