Charcoal emissions as a source of CO and carcinogenic PAH in mainstream narghile waterpipe smoke

Monzer, Bassel; Sepetdjian, Elizabeth; Saliba, Najat A.; Shihadeh, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.031

Cited by 158 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Table 3 presents the GM and 95% CIs of air and surface nicotine levels in living rooms and child bedrooms and number of hookah heads and hours smoked in 7 days. A hookah head was defined as one hookah tobacco serving, which was equivalent to 10-20 g of hookah tobacco (Monzer, Sepetdjian, Saliba, & Shihadeh, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke Carcinogens and Toxicants in Homes of Hookah Smokers

Daffa

Liles

Jackson

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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We examined homes of hookah-only smokers and nonsmokers for levels of indoor air nicotine (a marker of secondhand smoke) and indoor surface nicotine (a marker of thirdhand smoke), child uptake of nicotine, the carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and the toxicant acrolein by analyzing their corresponding metabolites cotinine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and NNAL-glucuronides (total NNAL) and 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke Carcinogens and Toxicants in Homes of Hookah Smokers

Daffa

Liles

Jackson

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…The IARC reported that charcoal emissions are carcinogenic to humans, and benzene is one of its chemical constituents (72). Three studies have reported that charcoal used for hookah tobacco smoking contributed to quantities of CO and PAHs in mainstream hookah smoke; however, these studies did not quantify benzene in hookah charcoal emission (55,70,71).…”

Section: Percent Of Non-smokers Time Spent In Minutesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…During the hookah social event, hookah smokers counted the number of hookah heads they smoked. A hookah head was defined as one hookah tobacco serving equivalent to 10 to 20 g of hookah tobacco (55). Using cell phones, every 30 minutes for a total of 3 hours, every participant recorded the number of active hookah heads being smoked by other hookah smokers with the first count starting at point of entry to the hookah lounge or home.…”

Section: Hookah Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hookah tobacco is generally moist and does not burn in a self-sustaining manner, as with cigarettes (55,70,71). Therefore, burning charcoal is placed on top of the tobacco covered with perforated aluminum foil at the start of a use session, and is replaced one or more times during the smoking session (55,71).…”

Section: Percent Of Non-smokers Time Spent In Minutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Kassem

Jackson

Liles

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Benzene is a human hematotoxicant and a leukemogen that causes lymphohematopoietic cancers, especially acute myelogenous leukemia. We investigated uptake of benzene in hookah smokers and non-smokers attending hookah social events in naturalistic settings where hookah tobacco was smoked exclusively.Methods: We quantified S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), a metabolite of benzene, in the urine of 105 hookah smokers and 103 non-smokers. Participants provided spot urine samples the morning of and the morning after attending an indoor hookah-only smoking social event at a hookah lounge or in a private home.Results: Urinary SPMA levels in hookah smokers increased significantly following a hookah social event (P < 0.001). This increase was 4.2 times higher after hookah lounge events (P < 0.001) and 1.9 times higher after home events (P ¼ 0.003). In non-smokers, urinary SPMA levels increased 2.6 times after hookah lounge events (P ¼ 0.055); however, similar urinary SPMA levels were detected before and after home events, possibly indicating chronic exposure to benzene (P ¼ 0.933).Conclusions: Our data provide the first evidence for uptake of benzene in hookah smokers and non-smokers exposed to hookah tobacco secondhand smoke at social events in private homes compared with their counterparts in hookah lounges. Hookah tobacco smoke is a source of benzene exposure, a risk factor for leukemia.Impact: Because there is no safe level of exposure to benzene, our results call for interventions to reduce or prevent hookah tobacco use, regulatory actions to limit hookah-related exposure to toxicants including benzene, initiate labeling of hookah-related products, and include hookah smoking in clean indoor air legislation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2793-809. Ó2014 AACR.

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“…The amount of smoke inhaled by a single waterpipe session lasting 30 to 60 minutes can equal that produced by 100 or more cigarettes 2 . Smoke inhaled by waterpipe users contains heavy metals, carcinogenic hydrocarbons 3 , volatile aldehydes 4 , carbon monoxide [5][6][7] , and nicotine 6-8. Inhalation of these toxins is likely to be the reason why WTS has been related to cancer, poor pulmonary function, and heart disease [9][10][11][12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young adult waterpipe tobacco users’ perceived addictiveness of waterpipe tobacco

Mays¹,

Tercyak²,

Rehberg³

et al. 2017

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION Young adults generally do not perceive waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) to be addictive. Underlying reasons for these false perceptions have received limited research attention and little is known about effective WTS prevention messaging. This study examined perceptions of the addictiveness of WTS among young adults and ascertained their feedback on WTS prevention message content. METHODS Young adult (n=44, Mean [M] age 25.3, SD 2.7, range 18-30) waterpipe tobacco users were recruited online for a cross-sectional survey. Closed-ended measures assessed demographics, waterpipe use, other tobacco consumption, and perceived addictiveness of WTS. Open-ended items assessed perceptions of WTS and ascertained feedback on WTS prevention message content. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively. Open-ended data were coded to identify emerging themes. RESULTS Participants reported low perceived addictiveness of WTS (Mean 2.0, SD 0.9, range 1-not at all, 4 -very), perceived chances of becoming addicted (Mean 3.0, SD 1.6, range 1-no chance, 7-certain), and desire to quit (Mean 3.0, SD 1.8, range 1-not at all, 7-very). In openended responses, participants indicated social WTS does not lead to addiction and believe it is easy to quit. Some expressed concerns that WTS addiction may lead to health harms, social stigma, and financial costs. Participants indicated messages using vivid imagery and conveying negative health effects could motivate cessation. CONCLUSIONS Young adults view that WTS is not addictive, particularly related to use in social settings. Research can build from this study by developing and testing messages to motivate WTS cessation in young adults.

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Charcoal emissions as a source of CO and carcinogenic PAH in mainstream narghile waterpipe smoke

Cited by 158 publications

References 9 publications

Children’s Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke Carcinogens and Toxicants in Homes of Hookah Smokers

Children’s Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke Carcinogens and Toxicants in Homes of Hookah Smokers

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Young adult waterpipe tobacco users’ perceived addictiveness of waterpipe tobacco

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