Charcoal and Sago Bark Ash on pH Buffering Capacity and Phosphorus Leaching

Abstract

Soil-available P for crop use is limited because of fixation reaction and loss of organic matter through erosion and surface runoff. These factors cause an imbalance between inputs and outputs of P nutrients in acid soils. Several approaches to improve P availability have been proposed, however, little is known about the effectiveness of amending humid mineral acid soils with charcoal and sago bark ash on P dynamics. Thus, pH buffering capacity and leaching studies were conducted to determine: (i) pH buffering capacity upon application of charcoal and sago bark ash and (ii) the influence of charcoal and sago bark ash on P leaching in acid soils. pH buffering capacity was calculated as the negative reciprocal of the slope of the linear regression (pH versus acid addition rate). A leaching study was carried out by spraying distilled water to each container with soil such that leachates through leaching were collected for analysis. The ascending order of the treatments based on their pH buffering capacity and regression coefficient (R2) were soil alone (0.25 mol H+ kg−1 sample), soil with charcoal (0.26 mol H+ kg−1 sample), soil with sago bark ash (0.28 mol H+ kg−1 sample), charcoal alone (0.29 mol H+ kg−1 sample), soil with charcoal and sago bark ash (0.29 mol H+ kg−1 sample), and sago bark ash alone (0.34 mol H+ kg−1 sample). Improvement in the soil pH buffering capacity was partly related to the inherent K, Ca, Mg, and Na contents of charcoal and sago bark ash. In the leaching study, it was noticed that as the rate of sago bark ash decreased, the pH of leachate decreased, suggesting that unlike charcoal the sago bark ash has significant impact on the alkalinity of leachate. Soil exchangeable acidity, Al3+, and H+ reduced significantly following co-application of charcoal and sago bark ash with ERP. This could be attributed to the neutralizing effects of sago bark ash and the high affinity of charcoal for Al and Fe ions. The amount of P leached from the soil with 100% charcoal was lower because charcoal has the ability to capture and hold P-rich water. The findings of this present study suggest that combined use of charcoal and sago bark ash have the potential to mitigate soil acidity and Al toxicity besides improving soil pH buffering capacity and minimizing P leaching. A field trial to consolidate the findings of this work is recommended.

Soil Nutrient Retention and pH Buffering Capacity Are Enhanced by Calciprill and Sodium Silicate

“…For example, the combined use of charcoal and sago bark ash increased soil pH and detoxified Al 3+ and Fe 2+ ions via chelation because of high inherent base cations in sago bark ash when in contact with soil water. The addition of charcoal increases the number of negativelycharged sites which improves soil CEC to retain more exchangeable base cations (K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Na + ) at the functional groups such as carboxyl (R-COOH), phenolic (R-OH), and amine (R-NH 2 ) groups and the ability to buffer more H + ions [25,26]. Nevertheless, the inconsistent and slow effects of these organic amendments could be influenced by the recalcitrant property of charcoal, the raw materials used, and the handling methods.…”

Effectiveness of Bio-Phosphate Fertilizer on Growth Performance and Production of Irrigated Lowland Rice

“…Phosphate (P) is one of the nutrients required by plants for growth and development [1,2]. Generally, P levels are high in intensive agricultural land due to the continuous application of P fertilizers.…”

CHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SAGO (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) FROND FROM SOUTH KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

“…Sago frond and bark are abundant sources of cellulose in South Kalimantan. Several studies were also carried out on the wastes, such as the application of the frond as an alternative adsorbent material and charcoal (Wahi, Chuah, Ngaini, Nourouzi, & Choong, 2014;Johan, Ahmed, Omar, & Hasbullah, 2021), but none explored its usage as an alternative mixture for raw materials in the particle board and pulp and paper industry. The major component of sago frond is crude fiber and carbohydrates, with a value of 17.90%-34.44% and 51.44%-72.87%, respectively (Marvie & Sunarti, 2021).…”