Characterizing Variability in Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Review

Yan, Jipeng; Oyedeji, Oluwafemi; Leal, Juan H.; Donohoe, Bryon S.; Semelsberger, Troy A.; Li, Chenlin; Hoover, Amber N.; Webb, Erin; Bose, Elizabeth; Zeng, Yining; Williams, C. Luke; Schaller, Kastli D.; Sun, Ning; Ray, Allison E.; Tanjore, Deepti

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06263

Cited by 70 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 266 publications

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“…For simplification, barks may be classified as softwood barks, hardwood barks, and cork-rich barks, and their chemical composition is compared with other lignocellulosic materials such as wood, agricultural wastes, and energy crops ( Table 2). Moisture content is an important parameter in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass, since it affects size reduction, drying, storage, transport, and processing of biomass [214]. Wood contains approximately 50% of moisture at harvest which is higher than that of agricultural wastes (20%) [214].…”

Section: Tree Barks and Other Lignocellulosic Materials: Chemical Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moisture content is an important parameter in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass, since it affects size reduction, drying, storage, transport, and processing of biomass [214]. Wood contains approximately 50% of moisture at harvest which is higher than that of agricultural wastes (20%) [214]. Moisture content of different lignocellulosic biomass types, including wood, agricultural wastes, and energy crops, measured by proximate analysis revealed that approximately 7-15% moisture is present in lignocellulosic materials at equilibrium conditions [215].…”

Section: Tree Barks and Other Lignocellulosic Materials: Chemical Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications

Şen

Pereira

2021

Processes

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In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in char production from lignocellulosic biomass due to the fact of char’s interesting technological properties. Global char production in 2019 reached 53.6 million tons. Barks are among the most important and understudied lignocellulosic feedstocks that have a large potential for exploitation, given bark global production which is estimated to be as high as 400 million cubic meters per year. Chars can be produced from barks; however, in order to obtain the desired char yields and for simulation of the pyrolysis process, it is important to understand the differences between barks and woods and other lignocellulosic materials in addition to selecting a proper thermochemical method for bark-based char production. In this state-of-the-art review, after analyzing the main char production methods, barks were characterized for their chemical composition and compared with other important lignocellulosic materials. Following these steps, previous bark-based char production studies were analyzed, and different barks and process types were evaluated for the first time to guide future char production process designs based on bark feedstock. The dry and wet pyrolysis and gasification results of barks revealed that application of different particle sizes, heating rates, and solid residence times resulted in highly variable char yields between the temperature range of 220 °C and 600 °C. Bark-based char production should be primarily performed via a slow pyrolysis route, considering the superior surface properties of slow pyrolysis chars.

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Section: Tree Barks and Other Lignocellulosic Materials: Chemical Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tree Barks and Other Lignocellulosic Materials: Chemical Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications

Şen

Pereira

2021

Processes

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“…3 Higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) accounting for moisture content. 4 The sample was not processed appropriately to allow for this calculation.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of recent review papers have described biomass feedstocks [4], pyrolysis of biomass [5,6], and biochar production and end use [7,8]. Given the diversity of feedstocks, conversion processes and postprocessing techniques for various end uses, biochar exhibits wide variation in its physical and chemical properties [9].…”

Section: Introduction 1backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Novel Biochars and Steam Activated Carbon from Mixed Conifer Mill Residues

Anderson

Bergman

2021

Energies

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There is increasing demand in environmental remediation and other sectors for specialized sorbents made from renewable materials rather than hard coals and minerals. The proliferation of new pyrolysis technologies to produce bio-based energy, fuels, chemicals, and bioproducts from biomass has left significant gaps in our understanding of how the various carbonaceous materials produced by these systems respond to processes intended to improve their adsorption properties and commercial value. This study used conventional steam activation in an industrial rotary calciner to produce activated carbon (AC) from softwood biochars made by three novel pyrolysis systems. Steam was injected across four heating zones ranging from 816 °C to 927 °C during paired trials conducted at calciner retention times of 45 min and 60 min. The surface area of the three biochars increased from 2.0, 177.3, and 289.1 m2 g−1 to 868.4, 1092.9, and 744.8 m2 g−1, respectively. AC iodine number ranged from 951 to 1218 mg g−1, comparing favorably to commercial AC produced from bituminous coal and coconut shell. The results of this study can be used to operationalize steam activation as a post-processing treatment for biochar and to expand markets for biochar as a precursor in the manufacture of specialized industrial sorbents.

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“…Image analysis techniques have been widely applied to measure lignocellulosic biomass features. Image analysis techniques for assessing crops and plant material involve extracting information from digital images of the lignocellulosic biomass (Yan et al, 2020). Unique features of the materials, such as shape, color, and surface texture, can be recognized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Analysis for Rapid Assessment and Quality-Based Sorting of Corn Stover

Ding

Hoover²,

Emerson³

et al. 2022

Front. Energy Res.

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Imaging in the visible spectrum is a low-cost tool that can be readily deployed for in-field or over-belt monitoring of biomass quality for bio-refining operations. Rapid image analysis coupled with innovative preprocessing may reduce the impacts of feedstock variability through identification of contaminants or other material attributes to guide selective sorting and quality management. Image analysis was employed to evaluate the quality of corn stover in red-green-blue (RGB) chromatic space. This study used controlled, bench-scale imaging as a proof-of-concept for rapid quality assessment of corn stover based on variations in material attributes, including chemical and physical attributes, that relate to biological degradation and soil contamination. Logistic regression-based classification algorithms were used to develop a method for biomass screening as a function of biological degradation or soil contamination. This study demonstrated the use of image analysis to extract features from RGB color space to investigate variations in critical material attributes from chemical composition of corn stover. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) suggested a correlation between red band intensity and biological degradation, while detailed surface texture analysis was found to distinguish among variations in ash. These insights offer promise for development of a rapid screening tool that could be deployed by farmers for in-field assessment of biomass quality or biorefinery operators for in-line sorting and process optimization.

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Characterizing Variability in Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Review

Cited by 70 publications

References 266 publications

State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications

State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications

Comparison of Novel Biochars and Steam Activated Carbon from Mixed Conifer Mill Residues

Image Analysis for Rapid Assessment and Quality-Based Sorting of Corn Stover

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