Characterizing tuberculosis genotype clusters along the United States–Mexico border [Short communication]

Baker, Brian J.; Moonan, Patrick K.

doi:10.5588/ijtld.13.0684

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…However, we found that a limited proportion of cases among recent entrants were likely due to recent transmission (4.2%), and an even smaller proportion (1.7%–2.2%) were likely due to transmission from a recent entrant source case. These findings are consistent with prior studies that established relatively low rates of transmission among foreign-born persons in the United States [ 33 , 34 ]. Although data on transmission was limited to 2011 (and we could not assess trends over time), the extremely small proportion of cases associated with transmission make it unlikely that a change in transmission was a major contributor to the decline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Abrupt Decline in Tuberculosis among Foreign-Born Persons in the United States

et al. 2016

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While the number of reported tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States has declined over the past two decades, TB morbidity among foreign-born persons has remained persistently elevated. A recent unexpected decline in reported TB cases among foreign-born persons beginning in 2007 provided an opportunity to examine contributing factors and inform future TB control strategies. We investigated the relative influence of three factors on the decline: 1) changes in the size of the foreign-born population through immigration and emigration, 2) changes in distribution of country of origin among foreign-born persons, and 3) changes in the TB case rates among foreign-born subpopulations. Using data from the U.S. National Tuberculosis Surveillance System and the American Community Survey, we examined TB case counts, TB case rates, and population estimates, stratified by years since U.S. entry and country of origin. Regression modeling was used to assess statistically significant changes in trend. Among foreign-born recent entrants (<3 years since U.S. entry), we found a 39.5% decline (-1,013 cases) beginning in 2007 (P<0.05 compared to 2000–2007) and ending in 2011 (P<0.05 compared to 2011–2014). Among recent entrants from Mexico, 80.7% of the decline was attributable to a decrease in population, while the declines among recent entrants from the Philippines, India, Vietnam, and China were almost exclusively (95.5%–100%) the result of decreases in TB case rates. Among foreign-born non-recent entrants (≥3 years since U.S. entry), we found an 8.9% decline (-443 cases) that resulted entirely (100%) from a decrease in the TB case rate. Both recent and non-recent entrants contributed to the decline in TB cases; factors contributing to the decline among recent entrants varied by country of origin. Strategies that impact both recent and non-recent entrants (e.g., investment in overseas TB control) as well as those that focus on non-recent entrants (e.g., expanded targeted testing of high-risk subgroups among non-recent entrants) will be necessary to achieve further declines in TB morbidity among foreign-born persons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Abrupt Decline in Tuberculosis among Foreign-Born Persons in the United States

et al. 2016

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“…A recent analysis suggested that tuberculosis transmission commonly occurs among U.S.-born and Mexico-born persons, particularly along the United States–Mexico border (23). This phenomenon requires further study to explore the potential relationship between U.S.-born and Mexico-born cases along the border, such as transmission within families with Mexico-born adults and U.S.-born Hispanic children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Border states were defined as those that border with Mexico (i.e., California, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona). Border areas were defined as public use microdata areas directly bordering Mexico and have been described elsewhere (23). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline in Tuberculosis among Mexico-Born Persons in the United States, 2000–2010

Baker

Jeffries

Moonan³

2014

Annals ATS

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Background In 2010, Mexico was the most common (22.9%) country of origin for foreign-born persons with tuberculosis in the United States, and overall trends in tuberculosis morbidity are substantially influenced by the Mexico-born population. Objectives To determine the risk of tuberculosis disease among Mexico-born persons living in the United States. Methods Using data from the U.S. National Tuberculosis Surveillance System and the American Community Survey, we examined tuberculosis case counts and case rates stratified by years since entry into the United States and geographic proximity to the United States–Mexico border. We calculated trends in case rates over time measured by average annual percent change. Results The total tuberculosis case count (−14.5%) and annual tuberculosis case rate (average annual percent change −5.1%) declined among Mexico-born persons. Among those diagnosed with tuberculosis less than 1 year since entry into the United States (newly arrived persons), there was a decrease in tuberculosis cases (−60.4%), no change in tuberculosis case rate (average annual percent change of 0.0%), and a decrease in population (−60.7%). Among those living in the United States for more than 5 years (non-recently arrived persons), there was an increase in tuberculosis cases (+3.4%), a decrease in tuberculosis case rate (average annual percent change of −4.9%), and an increase in population (+62.7%). In 2010, 66.7% of Mexico-born cases were among non–recently arrived persons, compared with 51.1% in 2000. Although border states reported the highest proportions (>15%) of tuberculosis cases that were Mexico-born, the highest Mexico-born–specific tuberculosis case rates (>20/100,000 population) were in states in the eastern and southeastern regions of the United States. Conclusions The decline in tuberculosis morbidity among Mexico-born persons may be attributed to fewer newly arrived persons from Mexico and lower tuberculosis case rates among non–recently arrived Mexico-born persons. The extent of the decline was dampened by an unchanged tuberculosis case rate among newly arrived persons from Mexico and a large increase in the non–recently arrived Mexico-born population. If current trends continue, tuberculosis morbidity among Mexico-born persons will be increasingly driven by those who have been living in the United States for more than 5 years.

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“…It has also been successfully used for the identification of TB clusters, with meaningful results yielded [6–8]. Previous studies have shown that PTB is an airborne infectious disease with spatial and temporal heterogeneous distribution, and it is believed that a better understanding of the spatial epidemiology of PTB will help guide policymakers and different stakeholders to formulate effective regional prevention and control strategies [9–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-temporal analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the northeast of the Yunnan province, People’s Republic of China

Huang

Abe

et al. 2017

Infect Dis Poverty

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BackgroundThe number of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases in China ranks third in the world. A continuous increase in cases has recently been recorded in Zhaotong prefecture-level city, which is located in the northeastern part of Yunnan province. This study explored the space-time dynamics of PTB cases in Zhaotong to provide useful information that will help guide policymakers to formulate effective regional prevention and control strategies.MethodsThe data on PTB cases were extracted from the nationwide tuberculosis online registration system. Time series and spatial cluster analyses were applied to detect PTB temporal trends and spatial patterns at the town level between 2011 and 2015 in Zhaotong. Three indicators of PTB treatment registration history were used: initial treatment registration rate, re-treatment registration rate, and total PTB registration rate.ResultsSeasonal trends were detected with an apparent symptom onset peak during the winter season and a registration peak during the spring season. A most likely cluster and six secondary clusters were identified for the total PTB registration rate, one most likely cluster and five secondary clusters for the initial treatment registration rate, and one most likely cluster for the re-treatment registration rate. The most likely cluster of the three indicators had a similar spatial distribution and size in Zhenxiong County, which is characterised by a poor socio-economic level and the largest population in Yunnan.ConclusionThis study identified temporal and spatial distribution of PTB in a high PTB burden area using existing health data. The results of the study provide useful information on the prevailing epidemiological situation of PTB in Zhaotong and could be used to develop strategies for more effective PTB control at the town level. The cluster that overlapped the three PTB indicators falls within the geographic areas where PTB control efforts should be prioritised.

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Characterizing tuberculosis genotype clusters along the United States–Mexico border [Short communication]

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Abrupt Decline in Tuberculosis among Foreign-Born Persons in the United States

Abrupt Decline in Tuberculosis among Foreign-Born Persons in the United States

Decline in Tuberculosis among Mexico-Born Persons in the United States, 2000–2010

Spatial-temporal analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis in the northeast of the Yunnan province, People’s Republic of China

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