Characterizing the surfaces of environmental particles

Keyser, T. R.; Natusch, D. F. S.; Evans, C. A.; Linton, Richard W.

doi:10.1021/es60143a013

Cited by 110 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Studies by Fisher 1 and Keyser 2 have concluded that sulfuric acid condensation on particle surfaces is a first step, followed by relatively slow leaching of metal oxides to the surface and formation of sulfate crystals. Kaakinen,3 who did not specifically look at sulfur, found increasing enrichment of all volatile APCA NOTE-BOOK trace elements as the particles cooled and proceeded downstream from the boiler.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Retention of Sulfur in Fly Ash from Coal-Fired Boilers

Davis

Fiedler²

1982

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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confidence: 99%

The Retention of Sulfur in Fly Ash from Coal-Fired Boilers

Davis

Fiedler²

1982

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…33,34,35,36,37,38 Those species which are most responsible for toxic manifestation exist on the top-most layer of environmental surfaces, because they are most susceptible to solubilization, and consequent mobility and uptake. For this reason, a goal is to understand metal speciation at mineral surfaces.…”

Section: Overview: Chemical Investigations and Instrument Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The utilization of a cytochrome compound that is present in the cell membrane would be a logical explanation based upon a normal respiratory chain. Indeed, iron reduction has been shown to occur on or near the surfaces of cells of other microorganisms including Listeria spp, 32 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 33 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 34,35 and Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum 28 using enzymes most frequently identified as cytochromes. Cytochromes have also been identified that may play a role in the reductive dechlorination activity on or near the surface of certain other types of bacteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental Systems Research, FY-99 Annual Report

Miller¹

2000

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The Environmental Systems Research (ESR) Program, a part of the Environmental Systems Research and Analysis (ESRA) Program, was implemented to enhance and augment the technical capabilities of the INEEL. The program has now completed its second year. The purpose for strengthening technical capabilities of the INEEL is to provide the technical base to serve effectively as the Environmental Management Laboratory for the Office of Environmental Management (EM). The program is starting into its third year of the initial three-year program content cycle. The original portfolio of research activities was assembled after an analysis of the EM technology development and science needs as gathered by the Site Technology Coordination Groups (STCGs) complex-wide. Current EM investments in science and technology throughout the research community were also included in this analysis to avoid duplication of efforts. The content of the portfolio was modified at the end of the first year to respond to comments from external review panels brought in to help strengthen the program. This is a progress report for the second year of the ESR Program (Fiscal Year 99).

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“…Quantitative analysis of chemical composition is extremely difficult due to uncertainty and the inability to measure exact volume or mass (Keyser et al , 1978). Chemical composition determined by SEMIEDAX is qualitative and has confidence intervals of ±1 0% for all elements (Post & Buseck, 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The detection of trace elements is limited due to this feature. Since the technique involves bombardment with charged particles there is a possibility of changing the sample due to chemical reactions/volatilization (Keyser et a/., 1978). The confidence intervals applied to this study had to include the possible contributions from the teflon coated borosilicate glass fiber filters .…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization and source apportionment of particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter in the Prince George airshed

Breed¹

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The susceptibility of the Prince George airshed to high concentrations of particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) have raised considerable concern because of the possible health impacts attributed to this air pollutant. This study examined the chemical and morphological characteristics of samples collected from two main PM10 sources and selected ambient samples from the archive of the Ministry of Environment to determine the contributions from these PM10 sources to the PM10 composition during Episodic and Non-Episodic events. The sources sampled included road dust taken from street sweepings, snow removed from city streets and unpaved roads and a beehive burner sample. PM10 samples from three Episodic events with 24 hour PM10 levels >50!-!g/m 3 and threeNon-Episodic events with 24 hour PM10 levels <50!-!g/m 3 were examined in the bowl area ofPrince George (represented by three sampling sites: Plaza, Van Bien, and Lakewood) using a ScanningElectron microscope with Energy Dispersive system and Inductively Coupled Plasma EmissionSpectroscopy. Episodes and Non-Episodes were also examined in the BCR industrial site.Results show that rounded, spherical and oval shaped particles were diagnostic of combustion sources, while amorphous shaped particles were dominant in all samples. The particle size distributions indicated that combustion sources contributed more to the fine fraction ofPM10 (<2.5!-!m) than road dust. The presence of a substantial amount ofPM10 with a diameter of3-4!lm is diagnostic for significant contributions of the road dust source to ambient PM10. The qualitative chemical analysis suggested that high concentrations of aluminum, silicon and magnesium were indicative of road dust while high concentrations of carbon, sodium and sulphur were indicative of combustion and industrial sources.Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on the qualitative chemical data and four discernable sources were identified as contributing to the ambient PM10 in all locations: road dust, ii industrial, combustion, and salt. Most of the episodes examined were dominated by road dust while the non-episodes were influenced by industrial, combustion and road dust.

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Characterizing the surfaces of environmental particles

Cited by 110 publications

References 0 publications

The Retention of Sulfur in Fly Ash from Coal-Fired Boilers

The Retention of Sulfur in Fly Ash from Coal-Fired Boilers

Environmental Systems Research, FY-99 Annual Report

Characterization and source apportionment of particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter in the Prince George airshed

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