Characterizing the Structural Evolution of Cereal Trade Networks in the Belt and Road Regions: A Network Analysis Approach

Chen, Wei; Zhang, Haipeng

doi:10.3390/foods11101468

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The United States has always been a major exporter, but emerging countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, and increasing demand from countries such as China and Japan, have made the network pattern become more complex and variable. The global food trade network's connections continue to strengthen, and while polarization exists in some core nodes, the overall trend of diversification in the trade network is increasingly evident (Chen & Zhang, 2022; Wang & Dai, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal analysis of global grain trade multilayer networks considering topological clustering

Tu,

Shu,

et al. 2024

Transactions in GIS

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With accelerating globalization, the complexity of the global grain trade network structure is increasing. Traditional network analysis approaches have certain limitations in capturing these dynamic changes and hidden topological structures in data. Based on global import and export trade data for rice, wheat, and corn from 1988 to 2022, this study has proposed a novel method for the topological clustering of temporal multilayer networks based on topological data analysis in order to systematically assess the topological structure evolution of temporal multilayer networks. The results indicate that different agricultural trade networks reveal hidden clustering characteristics in different years. In addition, this study combines principles from landscape ecology to construct a dynamic community spatiotemporal change model of grain trade networks, aiming to comprehensively reveal potential patterns and dynamic trends in grain trade networks and provide valuable information for grain trade decision‐making.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal analysis of global grain trade multilayer networks considering topological clustering

Tu,

Shu,

et al. 2024

Transactions in GIS

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“…Additionally, a meta-analysis has shown that DHPM increases cancer risk by 57%, and for every 50 g/d increase in processed meat consumption, cancer risk increases by 72%[ 24 ]. Moreover, multiple studies have shown that DHPM is positively correlated with breast cancer, colon cancer, CRC, rectal cancer, and lung cancer risk[ 15 , 25 , 26 ]. Processed meat products are the major dietary sodium source for populations in developed countries, accounting for approximately 20% of the total sodium intake for the general population[ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trade of processed meat between meat-rich and meat-poor countries among the “B and R” countries has formed a significant component of their economic exchanges[ 14 ]. For instance, China has established the Suifenhe area within the Heilongjiang Free Trade Zone, specializing in the processing of horse meat and beef sourced from Mongolia, Belarus, and Russia[ 15 ]. A diet high in processed meat (DHPM) is a recognized risk factor for CRC, with processed meat consumption linked to an 18% increase in CRC risk[ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal cancer’s burden attributable to a diet high in processed meat in the Belt and Road Initiative countries

Liu,

Li,

Xie

et al. 2024

World J Gastrointest Oncol

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BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) plays a significant role in morbidity, mortality, and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative (“B and R”) countries. In addition, these countries have a substantial consumption of processed meat. However, the burden and trend of CRC in relation to the consumption of a diet high in processed meat (DHPM-CRC) in these “B and R” countries remain unknown. AIM To analyze the burden and trend of DHPM-CRC in the “B and R” countries from 1990 to 2019. METHODS We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study to collate information regarding the burden of DHPM-CRC. Numbers and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of deaths along with the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were determined among the “B and R” countries in 1990 and 2019. Using joinpoint regression analysis, the average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDALR) from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade (2010–2019). RESULTS We found geographical differences in the burden of DHPM-CRC among “B and R” countries, with the three highest-ranking countries being the Russian Federation, China, and Ukraine in 1990, and China, the Russian Federation, and Poland in 2019. The burden of DHPM-CRC generally increased in most member countries from 1990 to 2019 (all P < 0.05). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs in DHPM-CRC were 3151.15 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 665.74-5696.64] and 83249.31 (95%UI 15628.64-151956.31) in China in 2019. However, the number of deaths (2627.57-2528.51) and DALYs (65867.39-55378.65) for DHPM-CRC in the Russian Federation has declined. The fastest increase in ASDALR for DHPM-CRC was observed in Vietnam, Southeast Asia, with an AAPC value of 3.90% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.63%-4.16%], whereas the fastest decline was observed in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia, with an AAPC value of -2.05% (95% CI: -2.37% to -1.73%). A substantial upward trend in ASR of mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and DALYs from DHPM-CRC changes in 1990-2019 and the final decade (2010-2019) for most Maritime Silk Route members in East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East, as well as Central Europe, while those of the most Land Silk Route members in Central Asia and Eastern Europe have decreased markedly (all P < 0.05). The ASDALR for DHPM-CRC increased more in males than in females (all P < 0.05). For those aged 50-74 years, the ASDALR for DHPM-CRC in 40 members exhibited an increasing trend, except for 20 members, including 7 members in Central Asia, Maldives, and 12 high or high-middle social development index (SDI) members in other regions (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The burden of DHPM-CRC varies substantially across “B and R” countries and threatens public health. Relevant evidence-based policies and interventions tailored to the different trends of countries in SDIs or Silk Routes should be adopted to reduce the future burden of CRC in “B and R” countries via extensive collaboration.

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“…As an emerging topic in network science, the mesoscale structure provides an analytical perspective on the inherent structural features embedded in networks, which is crucial for understanding and appreciating the network structural connectivity, and bridges the gaps in current network science [36,37]. Meanwhile, with the development and advancement of network analysis methods, complex network is becoming an essential perspective for studying trade networks, providing a more scientific and accurate analytical approach for exploring the international trading system.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the structural connectivity of international trade networks along the “Belt and Road”

Chen

Zhang²,

Tang³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Assessing the trade network connectivity is essential for understanding the trade network structure, optimizing trade development patterns, and improving uneven trade development along the “Belt and Road” (BRI). From the perspective of connectivity, this paper integrates the frontier algorithms in network science and constructs an analytical framework to identify the mesoscale structures, including the community structure, core-periphery structure, and backbone structure embedded in the network, and further explore the structural connectivity of the BRI trade network. The results show that: (1) The BRI trade network represents a trade pattern of “one superpower, many great powers”, with three major trade groups in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Northern Central and Eastern Europe in terms of geographical space. China is the super core of the BRI trade network, and the most considerable trade links are all centred in China. (2) Five distinctive trade blocs have formed in the BRI trade network. Nevertheless, the structure of the trade blocs shows significant geographical proximity, indicating that geographical distance still plays a vital role in the international trade system at the regional scale. (3) The BRI trade network demonstrates a significant core-periphery structure, with apparent trade clustering among the core countries within the trade network. Among them, nine countries led by China constitute the core structure, and the peripheral structure is large, reaching forty-four. (4) The trade links with China constitute the backbone structure of the whole trade network in the BRI region. In addition, the trade links related to energy trade and re-export trade are also crucial components of the BRI backbone structure. Methodologically, the analytical framework proposed for assessing the network structural connectivity has great potential to be widely applied to other disciplines and fields.

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Characterizing the Structural Evolution of Cereal Trade Networks in the Belt and Road Regions: A Network Analysis Approach

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Spatiotemporal analysis of global grain trade multilayer networks considering topological clustering

Spatiotemporal analysis of global grain trade multilayer networks considering topological clustering

Colorectal cancer’s burden attributable to a diet high in processed meat in the Belt and Road Initiative countries

Assessing the structural connectivity of international trade networks along the “Belt and Road”

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